Pamusoro pekushandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri e detergent uye cosmetics, ma surfactants anoshandiswawo se adjuvants kana ekuwedzera mumaindasitiri echinyakare akadai sechikafu, mukaka, kugadzira mapepa, matehwe, girazi, peturu, kemikari fiber, machira, kudhinda uye dhayi, kupenda, mishonga yemishonga, kugadzira simbi, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi, kugadzira mapikicha, kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri, kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi, maindasitiri emagetsi, kugadzira mishonga yemagetsi, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi. kuchenesa, kuvaka, pamwe neminda yepamusoro-tech. Kunyangwe ivo kazhinji vasiri ivo musimboti wechigadzirwa cheindasitiri, vanogona kuita basa rakakosha mukuwedzera kupedzisa kubata mukugadzirwa kwezvakasiyana zvigadzirwa. Kunyangwe kushandiswa kwayo kusiri kukuru, inogona kuita basa rakakosha mukuwedzera chigadzirwa chakasiyana, kuderedza kushandiswa, kuchengetedza simba, nekuvandudza mhando.

 

1, Kushandiswa kweSurfactantsmune Textile Indasitiri

Masurfactants anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yemachira. Mumatanho akasiyana-siyana ekugadzira machira senge kuruka, kuruka, saizi, kuruka kana kuruka, kunatsa (bleaching), kudhayi, kudhinda, uye kupedzisa, ma surfactants kana ma surfactants sezvinonyanya kuwedzera zvinofanirwa kushandiswa kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka, kurerutsa maitiro, kuvandudza mashandiro, uye kuwedzera kunaka. Mukuita zvikumbiro,surfactantsanoshandiswa sezvinosuka, zvinonyorovesa, zvinopinda, emulsifiers, solubilizers, foaming agents, defoamers, smoothing agents, dispersants, leveling agents, dyeing retarders, fixing agents, refining agents, softeners, anti-static agents, waterproofing agents, disinfectants, etc. Indasitiri yekutanga inoshandiswa mukugadzira machira. Kunyangwe huwandu hwavo hwekushandisa hwakadzikira zvishoma nezvishoma mumakore achangopfuura, kushandiswa kwavo kuchiri kwakakura zvichienzaniswa nemamwe maindasitiri. Iwo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya se solubilizers, detergents, wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, leveling agents, refining agents, softeners, anti-static agents, etc. Anionic surfactants inonyanya kushandiswa se detergents, penetrants, wetting agents, emulsifiers, uye dispersants mune ionic surfactants; Cationic surfactants, inogona kushambadza zvakasimba pamachira nekuda kwechaji isina kunaka yemafibhi, inowanzoshandiswa semachira ekunyorovesa, maajenti ekuyera, ekudzivirira mvura, anti-static agents, uye mavara ekugadzirisa mavara; Bipolar surfactants anowanzo shandiswa seaya ekuyera madhayi esimbi, machira ekupfavisa, uye anti-static agents.

 

2、 Iko Kushandiswa kweVashandi muIndasitiri yeDehwe uye Fur

Maitiro ekugadzira matehwe akaomarara uye anofinha, anoda nhanho dzakawanda kubva paganda rakashama kusvika pakupera dehwe. Usati watsvuka, basa rekugadzirira rakadai sekunyura mumvura, kunyura mumadota, kunyorovesa enzymatic, kunyura muasidhi, deacidification, uye defatting inofanira kuitwa; Mushure mekupisa, kudhaya, kudhaka, uye kupera kunodiwa zvakare. Ese maitirwo aya anoda kushandiswa kwemasurfactants sezvinowedzera kusimudzira physicochemical mhedzisiro uye maitiro ega ega maitiro, kupfupisa magadzirirwo ekugadzira, kunatsiridza mhando yematehwe, uye kuchengetedza kemikari mbishi zvinhu.

Kugadzira fur kunodawo maitiro akati wandei, anosanganisira kunyorovesa, kudzikisa mafuta, kupfava, kutsvuka, kuchena, kudhaya, mafuta, uye kupedzisa, izvo zvese zvinoda kushandiswa kwezvekuwedzera sekuwedzera. Kugadzirwa kwematehwe kunoda kubviswa kwebvudzi remhuka, nepo kugadzirwa kwemvere kunoda kukuvadza kudiki kune chimiro chepakutanga chebvudzi. Kushandisa surfactants kunogona kupa dziviriro yakanaka.

Basa guru rema surfactants mukugadzirwa kwematehwe uye kugadzirwa kwehudzi ndeye solubilization, emulsification, wetting, permeation, kupupa furo, kugeza, kuenzanisa, uye kugadzirisa kwemavara. Mune imwe neimwe nzira, zvinodiwa zvebasa rayo zvakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, mukunyudzwa, zvinonyanya kudiwa kuve nekunyorova uye kupinza mhedzisiro; Mukudzikisira, zvinodikanwa kuve ne emulsifying, wetting, uye inopinda mhedzisiro; Mukusvibisa, zvinodiwa kuti zvive zvakanaka solubilization effect; Inodiwa kuve nekupararira kwakanaka, kupinda mukati uye furo mhedzisiro mukudhaya; Mukuita kwekuwedzera mafuta, zvinodikanwa kuve nezvakanaka emulsifying zvivakwa.

 

3. Kushandiswa kwemasurfactants muindasitiri yekupfeka

Coatings inoreva zvinhu zveinjiniya zvinogona kuiswa pamusoro pechinhu kuita rukuvhute nekudzivirira, kushongedza, kana zvakakosha. Iyo inowanzozivikanwa pende imhando yekuputira. Zvipfeko zvine mabasa akawanda: muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, kuvaka chivako, fenicha yemapuranga, indasitiri yezuva nezuva, nezvimwewo, mavara ane mavara akajeka anoshandiswa pakushongedza, izvo zvinogona kupa zvinhu pfungwa yekunaka uye kuwedzera kukosha kwavo kwekutengesa; Kupfekedza zvinhu zvekuvaka, huni, simbi, nezvimwewo zvine machira ekudzivirira, kuwedzera kusimba, uye kudzivirira ngura; Paint inoshandiswa sechiratidzo chemavara uye inogona kushandiswa sechiratidzo chetraffic, chiratidzo chezvinhu zvine njodzi, nezvimwe; Coatings ane maumbirwo akasiyana anogona zvakare kushandira akasiyana akakosha zvinangwa, sekudzivirira moto, hunyoro kuramba, kudzivirira mold, camouflage, discoloration, insulation, kuchengetedzwa kwemwaranzi, uye kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwegasi.

Coatings anowanzo kuumbwa nemapoka mana ezvigadzirwa: firimu-kugadzira zvinhu, pigment, zvinonyungudutsa, uye zvinowedzera. Iyo firimu-inogadzira zvinhu ndiyo nheyo yekugadzira machira; Pigment kazhinji zvinhu zvine mavara akanaka muchimiro cheupfu; Kunze kwekunamira-isina kunyungudika, majeti akasiyana-siyana emvura anowanzo aine zvinonyungudutsa. Parizvino, zvikamu zvinoshandiswa sekuputira zvinonyungudutsa zvinosanganisira mvura, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, ethers, ketones, terpenes, chlorinated organic compounds, nezvimwewo; Zvinowedzerwa zvikamu zvekubatsira zvejasi, uye zvinowanzova ma surfactants anoita basa rakakosha mukupfeka.

Maererano nemigumisiro yavo pakuputira, surfactants inoshandiswa mumucheka inogona kugoverwa mumhando dzinotevera: (1) defoamers, wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, nezvimwewo panguva yekugadzira kugadzirwa kwekugadzira; (2) anti caking agents, anti settling agents, etc. panguva yekuchengetera kwekuputira; (3) kuvharidzira kuvaka firimu-ekugadzira vamiririri: vanoomesera vamiririri, vanorapa vamiririri, vanoisa nhanho, anti sagging agents, nezvimwewo; (4) plasticizers, leveling agents, mold inhibitors, flame retardants, anti-static agents, UV absorbers, etc. izvo zvinokanganisa mabatirwo ekugadzira.

 

4. Kushandiswa kwema surfactants mumakemikari catalysis

Chiyero chechero chemakemikari reaction chakanyatsoenderana nemaitiro emakemikari reaction nharaunda. Zvakaonekwa kuti kuwedzera mamwe ma surfactants kune reaction system inoumbwa nemareactants maviri anonyungudika zviri nyore mumvura neoiri anogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya chiyero chemakemikari reaction, uye mhedzisiro iyi inonzi surface active catalysis. Iyo kemikari reaction process inokonzeresa nevesurfactants inonyanya kusanganisira micelle catalysis uye phase transfer catalysis, pakati peiyo micelle catalysis ine zvakafanana ne enzyme catalysis. Iyo inokonzeresa mhedzisiro yeva surfactants pane organic reactions inowanzo davirwa kuve ine chekuita nekugadzirwa kwema micelles, anozivikanwa se micelle catalysis.

 

 

5. Kushandiswa kwe surfactant mu enzyme catalyzed reaction mu micro lotion

Kuwedzerwa kwema surfactants kunogona kuwedzera basa re enzyme mu organic solvents, kunyanya kuratidzwa muzvikamu zvitatu zvinotevera: (1) polarity musoro we surfactant molecules inosunga zvakasimba kune ma enzyme molecules, nokudaro kuparadzira ma enzyme muchikamu che organic uye kuwedzera chiyero chekudhumhana pakati pe enzyme molecules uye substrates; (2) Muswe we hydrophobic we surfactant molecules unogona kunyatso kukwezva hydrophobic substrates mu organic phases, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kusvika kune enzymes; (3) Kunyatsodzivirira kuvharirwa kwema enzymes ne substrates uye zvigadzirwa. Ma surfactants anoshandiswa pakuongorora enzyme catalytic reaction mu micro lotion anowanzo anionic, cationic, amphoteric kana asiri-ionic surfactants, akadai sodium di - (2-ethylhexyl) succinate sulfonate (AOT), dodecyl polyoxyethylene ether (C12E4), ovoxadecydide CT, etc.

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