Sekureva kwetafura, surfers

② Kutsunga kweHLB kukosha (kusiiwa).

07 emulsization uye Solubilization

Melsion gadziriro yakaumbwa kana imwe isingachinjiki mvura inopararira mune imwe muchimiro chezvinyorwa zvakanaka (madonhwe kana mvura makristasi). EMLSIFIER, iyo iri mhando yeSurfactant, yakakosha kuti isimbise iyi thermodynamically isina kugadzikana system nekuderedza simba rekunzwisisa. Chikamu chiripo mumachira emakonzo mu emulsion chinodaidzwa kuti yakadhindwa chikamu (kana chikamu chemukati), ichi chimedu chichigadzira dura racho rinonzi iyo inopararira yepakati pakati (kana chekunze chikamu).

① emulsifiers uye emulsions

Mhedzisiro yakajairika kazhinji ine chikamu chimwe chete semvura kana mhinduro yemvura, uye imwe sechinhu cheganda, senge mafuta kana waxes. Zvichienderana nekupararira kwavo, emulsions kunogona kuiswa semvura-mu-mafuta (W / o) uko mafuta anoparadzirwa mumvura, kana mafuta-emvura (o / w) kune mvura yakaparadzirwa mumafuta. Uyezve, kuoma kwemuromo senge w / o / w kana o / w / o inogona kuvapo. Emulsifiers Stabilze emulsions nekudzikira kusangana kwekunetseka uye kugadzira monomolecular membranes. EMLSIFIER inofanirwa kushambadzira kana kuunganidza pane iyo interface yekudzikisa kusangana kwemadonhwe uye kuunza kudzoreredza kwemadonhwe, kana kuumba yakakwirira-ye viscosity inodzivirira firimu renzvimbo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvinhu zvinoshandiswa se emulsifiers dzinofanirwa kuve nemapoka amapipilic, ayo anokwanisa kupa surfact.

② Nzira dzekugadzirira eMulsion uye zvinhu zvinokanganisa kugadzikana

Pane nzira mbiri huru dzekugadzira emulsions: Nzira dzechirans dzinopararira zvinwiwa zvidiki mune imwe mvura, nepo nzira yechipiri inosanganisira kuyerera zvinwiwa mune imwe molecular fomu mune imwe uye kuriita kuti vaunganidze nenzira kwayo. Kugadzikana kwe emulsion kunoreva kugona kwayo kuramba kushamwaridzana kunotungamira kupatsanurana chikamu. Emultions ndiTefferynamocs Isiriyo Systems ane simba remahara emahara, nekudaro kugadzikana kwavo kunoratidza kuti nguva inodiwa kusvika kuenzana, ie, nguva yainotora kuti mvura iparadzanise kubva mumulsion. Kana mafuta akaora, maAcids Acids, uye Fatty AMMBRACE FILMS ANOGONESESA MAHARA

Emulsifiers inoumbwa nevaviri kana anopfuura surfers vanonzi vakasanganiswa emulsifiers. Akasanganiswa emulsifiers adsorb pamvura-yemafuta emvura, uye kuwirirana kwemafuta kunogona kuumba zvakanyanyisa kuderera kwekunetseka kwekupedzisira

Yakagadzirirwa mari inokara inokanganisa kusagadzikana kwekugadzikana kwemelsions. Mu emulsions dzakagadzikana, madonhwe kazhinji anotakura muripo wemagetsi. Pakazoshandiswa Ionidifiers, iyo hydrophobic kupera kweiyo surfectants inobatanidzwa muhomwe yeoiri, nepo hydrophic kupera mune chikamu chemvura, kupa madonhwe emadonhwe. Kufanana nemhosva pakati pemakonzo kukonzera kudzoreredza uye kudzivirira coallescence, iyo inosimudzira kugadzikana. Nekudaro, iyo yakakura kusungirirwa kwe emulsifier ion adsorbed pamadonhwe, iyo yekuraira kwavo uye yakakwira kugadzikana kwemulsion.

Iyo viscosity yeyekupararira yepakati inokanganisa zvakare kudzikisira kwemeso. Kazhinji, masvikiro akakwira viscosity anovandudza kugadzikana nekuti ivo vanosimba vanodzivisikidza kufamba kwemadonhwe emadonhwe, kudzora mukana wekushambadzira. Yakakwira-molecular zvinhu zvinonyungudika mumhedzisiro inogona kuwedzera pakati pekuvonekwa uye kugadzikana. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinhu zvepamusoro-zvehuremu-huremu zvinogona kuumba kusimba kwemisangano membranes, kuwedzera kudzikisira emulsion. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kuwedzera iyo solid powders inogona kuomesawo zvemukati. Kana masisitimu akasimba akanyoroveswa nemvura uye anogona kunyoroveswa nemafuta, ivo vanozochengetwa pamusimbiso yemvura-mafuta. Solid Pounds Stabiltize EMLSION Nekuwedzera iyo firimu sezvavanosungira pane iyo interface, yakawanda kunge adsorbed surfers.

Surfacts inogona kusimudzira zvakanyanya solubility yemakomposoc makomposo ayo ari kujekesa kana zvishoma zvishoma mumvura mushure memirilles akaumbwa mumhinduro. Panguva ino, mhinduro yacho inoratidzika kunge yakajeka, uye uku kugona kunotora solilization. Surfactants inogona kusimudzira Solubilization inodaidzwa kuti Solubilizer, nepo organic makomputa ari solubilised anotaurwa kuti solubilates.

08 Foam

Foam inotamba basa rakakosha mukushambidza maitiro. Foam inoreva kurongeka kwegesi yakapatsanurwa mumvura kana yakasimba, ine gasi rakapatsanurwa sedanho repakati, rakasimba foam, sosi yemapurasitiki, uye foam.

(1) Foam Kuumbwa

Izwi rekuti Foam rinoreva kuunganidzwa kwemhepo mabhuru emhepo akapatsanurwa nemafirimu emvura. Nekuda kweiyo dentity dentity musiyano pakati pegesi (akapararira chikamu) uye iyo mvura (kupararira pakati), uye yakaderera viscosity yemvura, gasi mabhurukukwira kumusoro. Foam kuumbwa kunosanganisira kubatanidza huwandu hwakawanda hwegesi mumvura; Iwo mabhuruku anokurumidza kudzokera kumusoro, achigadzira aggregate yemhepo mabhuru akaparadzaniswa nefirimu diki yemvura. Foam ine maviri akasiyana morphological hunhu: Kutanga, iyo gasi mabhuruku inowanzo funga chimiro chemagetsi nekuti firimu remvura pane kupindirana kwemabubles inowanzoita kuti ive mutete, pakupedzisira uchitungamira kuBubble kuputika. Chechipiri, zvinwiwa zvakachena hazvigone kuumba foam yakagadzikana; Kamwe chete zvikamu zviviri zvinofanirwa kuve zviripo kuti ugadzire foam. Mhinduro yemunhu surfactant is sights yemufemo-yekuumba masisitimu ayo anopedza simba rakabatanidzwa kune zvimwe zvivakwa. Surfacts ine yakanaka yekupikisa kugona inonzi mafiramu anopinza. Kunyangwe anopupuma vamiririri vanoratidzira zvakanaka kugona kwekupupuma, iwo iwo iwo iwo iwo mafuru anogadzira anogona kunge asingagare kwenguva refu, zvichireva kuti kusasimba kwavo hakuna kuvimbiswa. Kuvandudza foam kugadzikana, zvinhu zvinowedzera kugadzikana zvinogona kuwedzerwa; Aya anoteedzerwa anotyisa, aine madhiri akajairwa kusanganisira Laural diethanolanolano uye oxides of dodecyl dimethyl Amine.

(2) Foam Kugadzikana

Foam inzvimbo yeiyo yeimba isina kugadzikana isina kugadzikana; Kufambira mberi kwayo kwechisikigo kunotungamira pakukasira, nekudaro kudzora iyo yakazara mvura yemvura nzvimbo uye kuderedza yemahara simba. Maitiro ekusazvibata anosanganisira kutetepa zvishoma nezvishoma kweiyo firimu remvura rinoparadzanisa gasi kusvikira parutt richaitika. Dhigirii rekutadza kwemugodhi rinonyanya kupesvedzerwa nemuyero wemvura yekudonha uye simba refirimu remvura. Zvinhu zvine simba zvinosanganisira:

【Kumusoro Kwekwe: Kubva pane yakasimba maonero, yakadzika nzvimbo yekushushikana inofarira foam kuumbwa asi haina gurantee foam kugadzikana. Low Possen Clomeds Inonongedzera kusiyaniswa kwedzvinyiriro, zvichitungamira zvishoma nezvishoma mvura yekudonha uye kuremerwa kweiyo firimu remvura, zvese zviri zviviri zvinofarira kugadzikana.

【Survention viscosity: Iyo yakakosha faindi muhusimbe isimba yeiyo firimu yemvura, kunyanya yakatemwa nekusimba kweiyo nzvimbo yekushambadzira, yakayerwa nemusoro wekuvhurwa. Mhedzisiro yekuyedza inoratidza kuti mhinduro dzepamusoro neyekumusoro viscossity viscosity inoburitsa foam kwenguva yakareba nekuda kwekuvandudza moleculation

③ Solution viscossity: Yakakwira viscosity iri mumvura inoderedza kudhirowa kwemvura kubva kuMembrane, nokudaro nekuwedzera kwehupenyu hwemvura nguva isati yasvika, kuwedzeredza fontabilet.

④ Kumusoro Kwekuti "Kugadzirisa" Chiito: Surfaling Adsorbed kuMeMMRANE inogona kurwisa kuwedzera kana kupindirana kwefirimu; Izvi zvinonzi iyo yekugadzirisa chiito. Kana surfachers adsorb kune iyo firimu yemvura uye inowedzera nzvimbo yayo yemusoro, izvi zvinoderedza surntarnation yepasi pepamusoro uye inowedzera kushushikana kwenzvimbo; Zvinotenderana, zvinopesana zvinotungamira kune yakawedzera kuwedzeredza kweSurfactant iri pamusoro uye inotevera inoderedza nzvimbo yekunetseka.

⑤ Gasi rakasiyana neFirimu Rekushandisa Iko kusarudzika kwekushandiswa kweSurfact NaSurfachants dzakarongedzwa zvakazara firimu remvura, gasi kushushikana rakadziviswa, nokudaro kuwedzeredza foam kugadzikana.

⑥ Mhedzisiro yeMepu Yepamusoro Ionic surfacts inogona kupa izvi kusimbisa maitiro. Mukupfupikisa, simba re firimu remvura ndiyo yakakosha faindi inosarudza foam kugadzikana. Surfactans arikuita sevamiriri vekupupuma uye masisitimu anofanirwa kunge akaisa pasi pevhu, sekusimudzira kakawanda-firimu kubva kufirimu rekuyerera, kuita zvinhu zvemufambiro zvakanyanya kuwana.

(3) Kuparadza kweFoam

Nheyo yakakosha yekuparadzwa kwePoam inosanganisira kushandura mamiriro ayo anogadzira foam kana kubvisa zvinhu zvinodzikisira zvehuputi, zvichitungamira nzira dzemuviri uye dzemakemikari. Kuzeya kwepanyama kunochengeta midziyo yemakemikari yekugadzirisa kwemapepa apo kushandura mamiriro ezvinhu sekukanganisa kwekunze, tembiricha, kana nzira dzekuwedzera, nzira dzose dzinobudirira dzekubvisa foam. Kuzeya kwemakemikari kunoreva kuwedzera zvimwe zvinhu zvinopindirana nevamiriri vekupikisa kuti vaderedze iyo firimu remvura mukati meFoam, kuderedza kugadzikana kwesimba uye kuwana defoam. Zvinhu zvakadai zvinonzi defoamers, kazhinji ndedzipi dzavafungi. Defoamers kazhinji vane mukana wekukasira kuderedza kushushikana kwepamhepo uye vanogona nyore adsorb kune nzvimbo, nekudyidzana kushaya simba pakati pemamorekuru, nekudaro achigadzira yakasununguka yakarongedzwa molecular chimiro. Mhando dzeDefoamer dzakasiyana-siyana, asi ivo vanowanzo sarudza surfers

(4) foam uye kuchenesa

Kuwanda kweFoam hakuna zvakananga kuwiriranisa nekubudirira kwekuchenesa; More foam hazvireve kuchenesa zviri nani. Semuenzaniso, surfectants is surfacts inogona kuburitsa zvishoma foam pane sipo, asi vanogona kunge vaine hunyanzvi hwekuchenesa hwekuchenesa. Nekudaro, mune mamwe mamiriro, foam inogona kubatsira kubviswa kwetsvina; Semuenzaniso, foam kubva pakushambidza ndiro dzinobatsira pakutakura mafuta, nepo kuchenesa makapeti kunobvumira foam kubvisa tsvina uye yakasimba zvinosvibisa. Uyezve, foam inogona kusaina kushanda kwekubudirira kweiyo scrgent; Yakanyanya mafuta mafuta inowanzo inhibits bubble fomu, ichikonzera kushaikwa kwe foam kana kuderera iripo foam, inoratidza yakaderera yekubudirira. Pamusoro pezvo, foam inogona kushanda sechiratidzo chekuchena kwemasumbu, semazinga emufudzi mumvura yeRinse anowanzo kuderera neyekudzikira esentgentons.

09 Kushambidza Maitiro

Kutaura kwakawanda, kugeza ndiyo nzira yekubvisa zvinhu zvisina kufanira kubva pachinhu chiri kucheneswa kuti uwane chimwe chinangwa. Muzvinhu zvakajairika, kugeza kunoreva kubviswa kwetsvina kubva kumusoro kwemutakuri. Munguva yekugeza, zvimwe zvinhu zvemakemikari (sekuda kwemakemikari) chiito chekushaiwa kana kubvisa kudyidzana pakati pechisimba pakati pechisimba pakati pechisimba pakati pevhu uye detergent, kubvumira kupatsanurwa kwavo. Kupiwa kuti zvinhu zvive zvacheneswa uye tsvina inoda kubvisa inogona kusiyana zvakanyanya, kugeza chinhu chakaomarara, chinogona kurerutswa muukama hunotevera:

Carrier • Dilt + Dettergent = Carrier + tsvina Maitiro ekushambidza anogona kukamurwa kuita matanho maviri:

1. Iyo tsvina inoparadzaniswa kubva kune inotakura pasi pechiitiko che detergent;

2. Iyo yakaparadzaniswa tsvina inoputswa uye yakamiswa mune svikiro. Maitiro ekushambidza anokwanisika, zvichireva kuparadzirwa kana kumiswa tsvina inogona kudzoreredzwa kunogadzirisa zvakare pane chakacheneswa chinhu. Nekudaro, zvinoshanda zvinonyatsoda kungoda kugona kubva kune chinotakura kubva kune chinotakura asiwo kuparadzira uye kumisa tsvina, kudzivirira kubva pakudzoreredza.

(1) mhando dze tsvina

Kunyangwe chinhu chimwe chete chinogona kuunganidza mhando dzakasiyana, manyorerwo, uye huwandu hwetsvina zvichienderana nenyaya yayo yekushandisa. Oliy Simbi yakasimba inosanganisira chiitiko chezvinhu zvakadyiwa, guruva, ngura, uye kabhoni dema. Maererano nehembe dzekupfeka, rinogona kubva kune zvigoma zvevanhu senge ziya, sebha, uye ropa; zvibereko zvine hukama zvekudya senge michero kana mafuta emadhiri uye mwaka; Zvasara kubva pamazwi senge lipstick uye zvipikiri zvipikiri; Pollspheric Pollutants seutsi, guruva, uye ivhu; uye imwezve madhiri senge ink, tii, uye pendi. Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvesvina zvinogona kuiswa zvakakamurwa kuita solid, mvura, uye mhando dzinokosha.

Dhivhiti yakasimba: Mienzaniso yakajairika inosanganisira soot, matope, uye guruva, kazhinji raiwanzo kuve nemhosva, kazhinji rakapomerwa mhosva yekunyorwa nyore. Simbi yakasimba kazhinji inowanzo nyora mumvura asi inogona kuparadzirwa uye kumiswa muzvisikwa. Zvidimbu zvidiki pane 0.1μm zvinogona kunyanya kuomarara kubvisa.

② Diled Dile: Izvi zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvine mafuta emafuta-emafuta-emhuka mafuta, maAkids ane mafuta, zvifemo zvemafuta, zvinwiwa zvemafuta, uye nzombe dzadzo. Nepo mhuka uye maoiri emiriwo uye mafuta ecids anogona kuita neAlkalis kuumba soaps, mafuta emaminerari haanyorwadzi, uye anokwanisa kuparadzwa uye akaparadzirwa nemhinduro dzekusimbisa. Liquid oily tsvina inowanzoenderana nemidziyo yemifananidzo nekuda kwekudyidzana kwakasimba.

【Chikamu chakakosha: Iyi chikamu chine mapuroteni, nenzara, ropa, uye zvigoma zvevanhu senge ziya uye urini, pamwe nemichero uye teu techi. Izvi zvinhu zvinowanzo simbisa kune mafaira kuburikidza nemakemikari kutaurirana, kuita kuti vaomesere kugeza. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzesimbi dzisingawanikwi dzakazvimirira, panzvimbo peizvokuenzanisira pamwe chete uye kuomerera pamwe chete kunzvimbo. Kazhinji, pasi pesimba rekunze, tsvina inogona oxidize, kuora, kana kuora, kuburitsa marudzi matsva emarara.

(2) kushushikana kwetsvina

Tsvina inonamira kune zvigadzirwa sechipfeko uye ganda nekuda kwekusangana pakati pechinhu uye tsvina. Simba rekunamatira pakati pevakasviba uye chinhu chinogona kukonzerwa kubva kune chero chemuviri kana chemakemikari kudiwa.

① kuderedza muviri: kuderedza tsvina kunge soot, guruva, uye matope zvakanyanya zvinosanganisira kushaya simba kwemuviri. Kazhinji, aya marudzi ezvesvina anogona kubviswa zvakareruka zviri nyore nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwavo kushaya simba, ayo anonyanya kumuka kubva kune michina kana electrostatic mauto.

A.

B: Electrostatic Adishsion **: Izvi zvinosanganisira zvakabhadharwa zvimisikidzo zvinopiswa nezvinhu zvakatarisana zvakatarisana; Kazhinji, zvinhu zvidimbu zvinotakura zvakashata zvakashata, zvichivabvumidza kukwezva vane moyo yakapihwa vateveri semamwe munyu. Vamwe vakasarudzika vanobhadharwa midziyo vanokwanisa kuunganidza pane aya mafaira kuburikidza neIonic mabhiriji anoumbwa nemasimba akanaka mune mhinduro.

② Cemical Adhisheni: Izvi zvinoreva kuti tsvina kuomerera kune chinhu kuburikidza nemakemikari zvisungo. Semuenzaniso, polar yakasimba tsvina kana zvinhu senge ngura inowanzoita zvakanyatsoenderana nezvisungo zvemakemikari zvakaumbwa nemapoka anoshanda senge mapoka ezvakadai Izvi zvisungo zvinogadzira kusimba kusimba, zvichiita kuti zviome zvakanyanya kubvisa tsvina yakadaro; Kurapa kwakakosha kungangodaro kuri madikanwa kuchenesa zvinobudirira. Dhigirii rekudzvinyirira rinoenderana nezvose zviri zviviri zvivakwa zvezvishandiso pachavo uye izvo zvezvikamu zvakaomerera.

(3) michina yekubvisa tsvina

Chinangwa chekushambidza ndechekubvisa tsvina. Izvi zvinosanganisira kushandisa zviito zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvemakemikari zvekushayikwa kana kubvisa mauto pakati pechidzitiro (sekushambadzira nemachinda ekushambadzira, kushambadzira kwemuchina kushungurudzika, kana kuwedzera kwemvura), pakupedzisira kutungamira kwekuparadzaniswa kwetsvina.

① muchimiro chekubvisa mvura midziyo yekubvisa

A: Wetness: Yakanyanya mvura tsvina ine oiri uye inowanzoita kuti yakanyorova zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, ichiumba firimu rine mafuta pamusoro pezvisikwa zvavo. Nhanho yekutanga yekushambidza ndeyekudzvinyirira chiito chinokonzeresa mvura pamusoro.
B: rollup mechanism yekubvisa mafuta: Iyo yechipiri nhanho yekudzikiswa kwemvura yekubvisa inoitika kuburikidza neLollup maitiro. Iyo tsvina yemvura inopararira sefirimu pane iyo nzvimbo inofamba zvishoma nezvishoma mumadonhwe nekuda kwekushambadzira kwekusarudzika kwemvura yekunyorova, pakupedzisira ichitsiviwa neiyo yekugezesa mvura.

② Schenism yeiyo yakasimba tsvina kubviswa

Kusiyana nemvura yakasviba, kubviswa kweiyo tsvina yakasimba inovimba nekuwachira mvura yekuwisira mvura kune zvese zvasara zvimiti uye pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvinotakura. Iyo adsorption yeSurfacts pane iyo nzvimbo yakasimba tsvina uye inotakura inoderedza masimba avo ekudyidzana, nekudaro achideredza kusimba kweiyo tsvina midziyo, kuita kuti vakuve nyore kubvisa. Kupfuurirazve, surfacts, kunyanya surfachants surfaacts, inogona kuwedzera magetsi emagetsi enjodzi yakasimba uye zvinyorwa zvemukati, kufambisa kumwe kubviswa.

Vasonic surfacts vanowanzoita adsorb pane zvakajairwa zvakaipomerwa nzvimbo yakasimba uye inogona kuumba yakakosha adsorbed layer, inotungamira kudzikisira rati rati. Surfacts surfache,

Kubviswa kweiyo yakakosha tsvina

Chaizvoizvo mafungidziro anogona kurwisa nemaunzi akasindimara kubva pamapuroteni, nenzara, ropa, uye zvigaro mumuviri. Enzymes kunge redhezer inogona kunyatso bvisa mapuroteni nekuputsa mapuroteni ari kuita kuti Amino Acids kana mapepeti. Saizvozvo, nzara dzinogona kuremerwa neshuga neAmylase. Miramu anogona kubatsira kuora triacslglyculcrol kusvibiswa kunowanzooma kubvisa kuburikidza nenzira dzomugweta. Nzvimbo dzinobva mumubhadharo wemichero, tii, kana ink dzimwe nguva dzinoda oxidizing vamiririri kana kudzikisira, izvo zvinoita mapoka ebundu ekugadzira mavara kuti azvinyaradze.

(4) michina yekuchenesa yakaoma

Pfungwa dzambotaurwa dzinofanirwa nekushambidza nemvura. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekusiyana-siyana kwemachira, zvimwe zvinhu hazvipindure nemvura yekugeza, inotungamira kuhurongwa, etc. Mazhinji mafuru anowedzera uye ari nyore kupenya, achitungamira kune isingafadzi yekuchinja shanduko. Saka, kuoma kuchenesa, kazhinji kuchishandisa organic sol sol, kunowanzofungidzirwa kune aya matanho.

Kuchenesa kuoma kuri nyoro kuenzaniswa nekushambidza mvura, sezvazvinoita manhamba maitiro anogona kukuvadza zvipfeko. Zvekubvisa tsvina inobudirira mukuchenesa yakaoma, tsvina inoiswa mumhando nhatu mikuru mhando:

① mafuta-ekunyanyisa tsvina: Izvi zvinosanganisira mafuta uye mafuta, ayo anonyungudutswa zviri nyore mumarara akaoma ekuchenesa.

② Dziviriro-mvura-yemvura inogona kunyungudika mumvura asi kwete mune yakaoma yekuchenesa sol solets, nzara, nemapuroteni, izvo zvinogona kuchema kamwe kamwe mvura.

③ Tsvina iyo haina mafuta- kana inochema-mvura: Izvi zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvakaita secarbon dema uye masimbi akasviba asina kunyungudika mune pakati.

Imwe neimwe tsvina mhando inoda nzira dzakasiyana dzekubvisa kunobudirira panguva yakaoma yekuchenesa. Delao-sluble tsvina inobviswa nenzira yekubviswa uchishandisa organic sol sol solvent yekugadzirisa kwavo kwakanyanya mune isina solar sol. Kune mvura-soluble madhiri, mvura yakakwana inofanira kuvapo mumubatanidzwa wekuchenesa kubva kumvura yakakanganisika kune inokosha yekubvisa tsvina inobudirira. Nehurombo, sezvo mvura ine zvishoma solubility mune yakaoma yekuchenesa vamiriri, surfacant inowanzowedzerwa kubatsira kudzidzisa mvura.

Surfactants dzinowedzera kusimudzira mumiririri wekuchenesa kwemvura uye nerubatsiro mukuona iyo solubilization ye-soluble kusvibiswa kwemvura mukati me micelles mukati me micelles. Pamusoro pezvo, surfacts inogona kudzivirira tsvina kubva pakugadzira mitsva matsva mushure mekugeza, kuishandira kunyanyisa kushanda. Kuwedzerwa kushoma kwemvura kwakakosha kuti ubvise izvi zvakasvibiswa, asi zvakawandisa zvinogona kutungamira mukukanganisa kwemvura, nokudaro zvichiita zvemvura zvine mwero mumhinduro yakaoma yekuchenesa.

(5) zvinhu zvinokanganisa chiito chekushambidza

Iyo adsorption yeSurfacts pamakomputa uye mhedzisiro yekudzikiswa kwekunetseka kwekunetseka kwakakosha kwekubvisa mvura kana yakasimba tsvina. Nekudaro, kugeza kwakanyanyisa kuoma, kwakapesvedzerwa nezvinhu zvakawanda kupfuura kunyange mamwe marudzi ekutsikisa. Izvi zvinhu zvinosanganisira kuita kwekusangana kwekuita, tembiricha, tsvina zvimiro, mhando dzemhando, uye chimiro chechimbamba.

① Kufunga kweSurfacts: Micelles akaumbwa neSurfactants anotamba basa rekushambidza. Iko kushambadzira kushanda kunoshamisa kunowedzera kamwechete kwekushamwaridzana kwekuwedzera kwekushomeka kweiyo micelle Nekudaro, kutarisisa kwekutarisa pamusoro peCMC inopa kuderera kudzoka, kuita yakawandisa kusagadzikana zvisina basa.

Ètso tembiricha: tembiricha ine pesvedzero yakakura pakuchenesa kushanda. Kazhinji, kupisa kwakanyanya kunofambisa kubvisa tsvina; Nekudaro, kupisa kwakanyanya kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakaipa. Kurera tembiricha kunoita kuti ubatsire kupararira kwetsvina uye kunogona kukonzerawo tsvina ine mafuta kuti uwedzere nyore. Asi, mumachira akaomesesa, akawedzera tembiricha achigadzira machira anodzora anogona kusaziva kudzora kudzikisira.

Tembiricha yekudziya inokanganisa zvakare Surfactant Solubility, CMC, uye miceile inoverenga, nekudaro ichipesvedzera kuchenesa kushanda. Kune vazhinji-refu-mareka surfitacts, kupisa kwakadzika kuderedza solubility, dzimwe nguva pazasi pavo cmc; Nekudaro, kudziya kwakakodzera kungave kuri madikanwa kuti basa rakakwana. Tembiricha inokanganisa paCMC nemicelles inosiyana neIonic inopesana surficants: Kuwedzera tembiricha inowanzo kusimudza cmC yeIonic surach

③ Foam: Kune kusawirirana kusanzwisisika kunobatanidza simba rekupembera nekushambidza kushanda-kushambidza-kwakawanda foam hakufanane nekushambidza kumusoro. Zvinoratidza kuti zvinoratidza kuti zvinodzvinyirira-kupera simba kunogona kushanda zvakaenzana. Nekudaro, foam inogona kubatsira kudzikiswa mune zvimwe zvekushandisa, senge mukusagadzikana, apo foam inobatsira kuburitsa mafuta kana kuchenesa kapeti, uko kuchenesa tsvina. Uyezve, kuvapo kwemhere kunogona kuratidza kana mafungidziro ari kushanda; Kuwedzeredza mafuta kunogona kutsvaga foam yekuumbwa, nepo kuderera foam kunoreva kuderedzwa kudzikisira confentration.

④ Fiber Type uye zvinyorwa zvemhando yepamusoro: Kupfuura makemikari chimiro, kutaridzika uye kuratidzwa kwesangano yemachira anokanganisa kusvibiswa kusvibiswa uye kubvisa kuoma. Fibers ine yakaoma kana mapepa emafuta, kunge makushe kana machira, anoteedzera trati rakanyatsojeka kupfuura marara akapfava. Machiru akanyatsovhurika anogona kutanga adzivirira kuunganidzwa kwakashata asi kunogona kukanganisa kugeza kunyorwa nekuda kwekushayikwa kwekuwana tsvina yakasviba.

Kusagadzikana kwemvura: Zvikamu zveCa²⁺, MG²⁺, uye mamwe masimbi, uye mamwe masimbi eoni anokoshesa kugeza kunze, kunyanya kune anonic surfers, ayo anogona kuumba sosi isingadzoreki yekuchenesa yekuchenesa. Mumvura yakaoma kunyange neakakwana surnantant surnanttration, kuchenesa kushanda kunodzika kupfupika kwemvura yakadzika. Zvekuita surfantant surfanting, iyo ca²⁺ inofanira kuderedzwa kusvika pazasi 1 × 10⁻⁶ mol / l (cacco₃ pazasi 0.1 mg / l), kazhinji inowanzoita kuti kusanganisa kwemvura-nyoro mukati mekusimbisa maficha.