Ichi chinyorwa chinotarisa pane antimicrobial mashandiro eGemini Surfactants, ayo anotarisirwa kushanda mukuuraya mabhakitiriya uye anogona kupa rubatsiro mukudzikamisa kupararira kwekoronavirus itsva.
Surfactant, inova chidimbu chemazwi anoti Surface, Active uye Agent. Masurfactants zvinhu zvinoshanda panzvimbo uye nzvimbo uye zvine hunyanzvi hwepamusoro uye kugona mukudzikisa pasi (muganho) tension, kugadzira mamorekuru akarairwa maassemblies mumhinduro pamusoro peimwe concentration uye nekudaro kuve nemhando yemabasa ekushandisa. Masurfactants ane yakanaka dispersibility, wettability, emulsification kugona, uye antistatic properties, uye ave zvinhu zvakakosha zvekusimudzira minda yakawanda, kusanganisira munda wemakemikari akanaka, uye ane mupiro wakakura mukuvandudza maitiro, kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba, uye kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwehunyanzvi. . Nebudiriro yenharaunda uye nekuenderera mberi kwechikamu cheindasitiri yepasirese, mashandisirwo ezvemagetsi akapararira zvishoma nezvishoma kubva kumakemikari ekushandisa zuva nezuva kuenda kunzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzehupfumi hwenyika, senge antibacterial agents, zvinowedzera zvekudya, minda mitsva yesimba, kurapa kunosvibisa uye. biopharmaceuticals.
Conventional surfactants ndeye "amphiphilic" makomisheni anosanganisira mapoka epolar hydrophilic uye asiripolar hydrophobic mapoka, uye mamorekuru awo anoratidzwa muFigure 1(a).
Parizvino, nekuvandudzwa kwekunatsa uye systematization muindasitiri yekugadzira, kudiwa kwezvivakwa zvesurfactant mukuita kwekugadzira kuri kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, saka zvakakosha kutsvaga nekugadzira ma surfactants ane yakakwirira pamusoro pezvivakwa uye ane akakosha zvimiro. Kuwanikwa kweGemini Surfactants kunovhara aya mapundu uye kunosangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri. A common Gemini surfactant is a compound ine two hydrophilic groups (kazhinji ionic kana nonionic ine hydrophilic properties) uye maviri hydrophobic alkyl cheni.
Sezvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1(b), mukupesana neyakajairwa imwe-chain surfactants, Gemini Surfactants inobatanidza mapoka maviri ehydrophilic pamwechete kuburikidza neboka rinobatanidza (spacer). Muchidimbu, chimiro cheGemini surfactant chinogona kunzwisiswa sekuumbwa nehuchenjeri kubatanidza mapoka maviri emusoro wehydrophilic weakajairika surfactant pamwe neboka rekubatanidza.
Iyo yakakosha chimiro cheGemini Surfactant inotungamira kune yayo yakakwirira yepamusoro chiitiko, iyo inonyanya kukonzerwa ne:
(1) iyo yakakwidziridzwa hydrophobic mhedzisiro yeaviri hydrophobic muswe maketani eGemini Surfactant molecule uye kuwedzera maitiro eiyo surfactant kusiya mhinduro ine mvura.
(2) Tsika yemapoka emusoro we hydrophilic kuparadzana kubva kune mumwe, kunyanya ionic misoro yemapoka nekuda kwe electrostatic repulsion, inoneteswa zvakanyanya nepesvedzero ye spacer;
3
Gemini Surfactants ine yakakwirira pamusoro (muganho) chiitiko, yakaderera yakakosha micelle concentration, nani kunyorova, emulsification kugona uye antibacterial kugona kana ichienzaniswa neyakajairwa surfactants. Naizvozvo, kuvandudzwa uye kushandiswa kweGemini Surfactants kwakakosha zvikuru mukuvandudza nekushandiswa kwevanoshandisa surfactants.
Iyo "amphiphilic chimiro" yezvakajairwa surfactants inovapa yakasarudzika pamusoro pezvinhu. Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 1 (c), kana munhu anowanzo surfactant akawedzerwa kumvura, boka remusoro we hydrophilic rinowanzonyungudika mukati memushonga wemvura, uye boka re hydrophobic rinodzivisa kuparara kwe surfactant molecule mumvura. Pasi pemusanganiswa wemaitiro maviri aya, mamorekuru epasi anokwenenzverwa pagasi-mvura yemvura uye anoenda kurongeka kwakarongeka, nekudaro achidzikisa kushushikana kwemvura. Kusiyana nevanojairira surfactants, maGemini Surfactants "dimers" anobatanidza ma surfactants akajairwa pamwechete kuburikidza nemapoka emuchadenga, izvo zvinogona kuderedza kushushikana kwemvura nemafuta / mvura kupindirana kwemvura zvakanyanya. Uye zvakare, Gemini Surfactants ine yakaderera yakakosha micelle kudzika, nani kunyungudika kwemvura, emulsification, kupupa, kunyorova uye antibacterial zvivakwa.
| Nhanganyaya yeGemini Surfactants Muna 1991, Menger naLittau [13] vakagadzira yekutanga bis-alkyl chain surfactant neboka rakasimba rekubatanidza, ndokuritumidza kuti "Gemini surfactant". Mugore rimwe chetero, Zana et al [14] vakagadzira nhevedzano yequaternary ammonium munyu Gemini Surfactants kekutanga uye vakanyatsoongorora zvimiro zveiyi nhevedzano yequaternary ammonium munyu Gemini Surfactants. 1996, vatsvakurudzi vakagadzira uye vakakurukura pamusoro pe (muganhu) maitiro, aggregation zvivakwa, mhinduro rheology uye maitiro echikamu cheGemini Surfactants akasiyana kana akasanganiswa neakajairika surfactants. Muna 2002, Zana [15] akaongorora maitiro emapoka akasiyana-siyana ekubatanidza maitiro eGemini Surfactants mumushonga wemvura, basa rakanyanya kuenderera mberi nekugadzirwa kwemasurfactants uye rakakosha zvikuru. Gare gare, Qiu et al [16] vakagadzira nzira itsva yekubatanidza kweGemini Surfactants ine zvimiro zvakakosha zvinoenderana necetyl bromide uye 4-amino-3,5-dihydroxymethyl-1,2,4-triazole, iyo yakawedzera kupfumisa nzira ye Gemini Surfactant synthesis. |
Tsvakurudzo yeGemini Surfactants muChina yakatanga kunonoka; mu1999, Jianxi Zhao kubva kuFuzhou University akaita ongororo yakarongeka yetsvagiridzo yekunze paGemini Surfactants uye yakakwezva kutarisisa kwemasangano mazhinji ekutsvagisa muChina. Mushure meizvozvo, tsvagiridzo yeGemini Surfactants muChina yakatanga kubudirira uye ikawana zvibereko. Mumakore achangopfuura, vaongorori vakazvipira mukuvandudza kweGemini Surfactants nyowani uye nekudzidza kwavo kwakabatana physicochemical properties. Panguva imwecheteyo, mashandisirwo eGemini Surfactants akagadzirwa zvishoma nezvishoma muminda ye sterilization uye antibacterial, kugadzirwa kwechikafu, defoaming uye foam inhibition, zvinodhaka zvinononoka kuburitswa uye kuchenesa maindasitiri. Zvichienderana nekuti mapoka e hydrophilic ari mu surfactant mamorekuru anobhadhariswa kana kuti kwete uye rudzi rwechaji yavanotakura, Gemini Surfactants inogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zvinotevera: cationic, anionic, nonionic uye amphoteric Gemini Surfactants. Pakati pavo, cationic Gemini Surfactants inowanzoreva quaternary ammonium kana ammonium munyu Gemini Surfactants, anionic Gemini Surfactants inonyanya kureva Gemini Surfactants ane hydrophilic mapoka ari sulfonic acid, phosphate uye carboxylic acid, nepo nonionic Gemini Surfactants kazhinji polyoxyethylene Surfactants Gemini.
1.1 Cationic Gemini Surfactants
Cationic Gemini Surfactants inogona kuparadzanisa cations mune aqueous mhinduro, kunyanya ammonium uye quaternary ammonium munyu Gemini Surfactants. Cationic Gemini Surfactants ine yakanaka biodegradability, yakasimba decontamination kugona, yakagadzikana makemikari zvimiro, yakaderera muchetura, yakapusa chimiro, nyore synthesis, nyore kupatsanura uye kucheneswa, uye zvakare ine bactericidal properties, anticorrosion, antistatic properties uye kupfava.
Quaternary ammonium salt-based Gemini Surfactants inowanzo gadzirirwa kubva kutertiary amines nealkylation reactions. Kune nzira mbiri huru dzekugadzira sezvinotevera: imwe ndeye quaternize dibromo-inotsiva alkanes uye imwechete refu-chain alkyl dimethyl tertiary amines; imwe yacho ndeye quaternize 1-bromo-yakatsiva long-chain alkanes uye N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl alkyl diamines ine anhydrous ethanol se solvent uye kudziyisa reflux. Zvakadaro, dibromo-inotsiva alkanes inodhura uye inowanzogadzirwa nenzira yechipiri, uye maitiro equation anoratidzwa mumufananidzo 2.
1.2 Anionic Gemini Surfactants
Anionic Gemini Surfactants inogona kuparadzanisa anions mune aqueous solution, kunyanya sulfonates, sulfate munyu, carboxylates uye phosphate salts mhando Gemini Surfactants. MaAnionic surfactants ane zvivakwa zviri nani zvakaita sedecontamination, kupupa furo, dispersion, emulsification uye wetting, uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya sema detergents, foaming agents, wetting agents, emulsifiers and dispersants.
1.2.1 Sulfonates
Sulfonate-based biosurfactants ine zvakanakira kunyungudika kwemvura kwakanaka, kunyorova kwakanaka, tembiricha yakanaka uye kuramba munyu, detergency yakanaka, uye kugona kuparadzira kwakasimba, uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya sema detergents, foaming agents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, uye dispersants mu petroleum. indasitiri yemachira, uye makemikari-anoshandisa zuva nezuva nekuda kwekuwanda kwawo kwakawanda kwezvakagadzirwa, maitiro akareruka ekugadzira, uye mutengo wakaderera. Li et al akagadzira nhevedzano yeitsva dialkyl disulfonic acid Gemini Surfactants (2Cn-SCT), yakajairika sulfonate-mhando baryonic surfactant, vachishandisa trichloramine, aliphatic amine uye taurine seyakagadzirwa zvinhu mune matatu-nhanho maitiro.
1.2.2 Sulfate munyu
Sulfate ester salts doublet surfactants ine zvakanakira zve-ultra-low surface tension, yakakwirira pamusoro pekuita, kunaka kunyungudika kwemvura, kwakafara sosi yezvinhu mbishi uye yakapusa synthesis. Iyo zvakare ine yakanaka yekugezesa kuita uye kugona kupupa furo, yakagadzikana kuita mumvura yakaoma, uye sulfate ester munyu haina kwayakarerekera kana zvishoma alkaline mune aqueous solution. Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 3, Sun Dong et al akashandisa lauric acid uye polyethylene glycol sechinhu chikuru chekushandisa uye akawedzera sulfate ester zvisungo kuburikidza nekutsiva, esterification uye kuwedzera maitiro, nokudaro synthesizing iyo sulfate ester munyu mhando baryonic surfactant-GA12-S-12.
1.2.3 Carboxylic acid munyu
Carboxylate-based Gemini Surfactants inowanzo nyoro, yakasvibira, inogadzika nyore nyore uye ine hupfumi hwezvinhu zvakasikwa, yakakwira simbi chelating zvimiro, yakanaka yakaoma mvura inodzivirira uye calcium sipo dispersion, yakanaka kupupa uye kunyorova zvinhu, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumishonga yemishonga. machira, makemikari akanaka uye mamwe minda. Kuunzwa kwemapoka emaamide mucarboxylate-based biosurfactants kunogona kukwidziridza biodegradability yemamorekuru epamusoro uye zvakare kuvaita kuti vave nekunyorova, emulsification, dispersion uye decontamination properties. Mei et al akagadzira carboxylate-based baryonic surfactant CGS-2 ine amide mapoka anoshandisa dodecylamine, dibromoethane uye succinic anhydride semidziyo.
1.2.4 Phosphate munyu
Phosphate ester munyu mhando Gemini Surfactants ane chimiro chakafanana kune echisikigo phospholipids uye anowanzo kuumba zvimiro zvakaita sereverse micelles uye vesicles. Phosphate ester munyu mhando yeGemini Surfactants yakashandiswa zvakanyanya seantistatic agents uye zvekugezesa mbatya, nepo emulsification yavo yakakwira zvimiro uye kushatirwa kwakaderera zvakakonzera kushandiswa kwavo zvakanyanya mukuchengeta ganda remunhu. Mamwe maphosphate esters anogona kuva anticancer, antitumor uye antibacterial, uye akawanda emishonga akagadzirwa. Phosphate ester salt type biosurfactants ine yakakwirira emulsification zvimiro zvemishonga yezvipembenene uye inogona kushandiswa kwete chete seantibacterial uye mishonga yezvipembenene asiwo semishonga yesora. Zheng et al akadzidza kuumbwa kwephosphate ester munyu Gemini Surfactants kubva kuP2O5 uye ortho-quat-based oligomeric diols, ine zvirinani kunyorova, yakanaka antistatic zvivakwa, uye yakapusa synthesis maitiro ane hunyoro maitiro maitiro. Iyo molecular formula ye potassium phosphate munyu baryonic surfactant inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 4.
1.3 Non-ionic Gemini Surfactants
Nonionic Gemini Surfactants haigone kuparadzaniswa mune aqueous mhinduro uye iripo mune molecular fomu. Mhando iyi ye baryonic surfactant yakambodzidzwa zvishoma kusvika zvino, uye kune marudzi maviri, imwe inotorwa neshuga uye imwe idoro ether uye phenol ether. Nonionic Gemini Surfactants haipo mu ionic state in solution, saka vane kugadzikana kwepamusoro, havatani kukanganiswa nemagetsi akasimba emagetsi, vane hutano hwakanaka nemamwe marudzi e-surfactants, uye vane zvakanaka solubility. Naizvozvo, ma nonionic surfactants ane akasiyana zvimiro zvakaita seyakanaka detergency, dispersibility, emulsification, furo, wettability, antistatic midziyo uye sterilization, uye inogona kushandiswa zvakanyanya muzvinhu zvakasiyana senge mishonga yezvipembenene uye machira. Sezvinoratidzwa muFigure 5, mu2004, FitzGerald et al synthesized polyoxyethylene based Gemini Surfactants (nonionic surfactants), ane chimiro chakaratidzwa se (Cn-2H2n-3CH2O (CH2CH2O) mH) 2 (CH2) 6 (kana GemnEm).
02 Physicochemical zvimiro zveGemini Surfactants
2.1 Chiitiko cheGemini Surfactants
Iyo yakapusa uye yakatwasuka nzira yekuongorora chiitiko chepamusoro cheva surfactants ndeyekuyera tension yepasi pemhinduro dzavo dzine aqueous. Muchidimbu, ma surfactants anoderedza kudzvinyirirwa kwepamusoro kwechigadziriso nekurongeka kwakaringana pamusoro (muganho) ndege (Mufananidzo 1 (c)). Iyo yakakosha micelle concentration (CMC) yeGemini Surfactants inodarika maodha maviri ehukuru madiki uye kukosha kweC20 yakaderera zvakanyanya kana ichienzaniswa neyakajairwa surfactants ane zvimiro zvakafanana. Iyo baryonic surfactant molecule ine maviri hydrophilic mapoka anoibatsira kuchengetedza kunaka kunyungudika kwemvura uku iine refu hydrophobic refu cheni. Pamvura / mhepo inotarisana, iyo yakajairwa surfactants yakarongeka zvakasununguka nekuda kwenzvimbo yekupikisa saiti uye kudzoreredzwa kwehomogeneous charges mumamorekuru, nekudaro kunetesa kugona kwavo kudzikisa kushushikana kwemvura. Kusiyana neizvi, mapoka ekubatanidza eGemini Surfactants akabatanidzwa zvakasimba kuitira kuti chinhambwe pakati pemapoka maviri ehydrophilic chichengetedzwe mukati mechikamu chidiki (chidiki kwazvo pane chinhambwe pakati pemapoka emahydrophilic evanowanzo surfactants), zvichikonzera chiitiko chirinani cheGemini Surfactants pa. pamusoro (muganhu).
2.2 Chimiro cheGungano cheGemini Surfactants
Mumhinduro dzine aqueous, sezvo huwandu hwebaryonic surfactant hunowedzera, mamorekuru ayo anozadza pamusoro pemushonga, izvo zvinozoita kuti mamwe mamorekuru aende mukati memushonga kuti aumbe micelles. Iyo yekuisa iyo surfactant inotanga kuumba micelles inonzi Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC). Sezvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 9, mushure mekunge kusungirirwa kwakura kupfuura CMC, kusiyana neanowanzo surfactants anoungana kuti aite spherical micelles, Gemini Surfactants inogadzira akasiyana micelle morphologies, senge linear uye bilayer zvimiro, nekuda kwemaitiro avo. Iyo misiyano muhukuru micelle, chimiro uye hydration ine yakanangana nemaitiro echikamu maitiro uye rheological zvimiro zvemhinduro, uye zvakare zvinotungamira kune shanduko mumhinduro viscoelasticity. Maconventional surfactants, akadai seanionic surfactants (SDS), anowanzo gadzira spherical micelles, ayo anenge asina mhedzisiro pane viscosity yemhinduro. Nekudaro, iyo yakakosha chimiro cheGemini Surfactants inotungamira mukuumbwa kweakanyanya kuomarara micelle morphology uye zvimiro zveaqueous mhinduro yavo inosiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune yakajairwa surfactants. Iyo viscosity yeaqueous mhinduro yeGemini Surfactants inowedzera nekuwedzera kuungana kweGemini Surfactants, pamwe nekuti iyo yakaumbwa mutsara micelles inopindirana kuita webhu-sechimiro. Nekudaro, iyo viscosity yemushonga inoderera nekuwedzera surfactant concentration, pamwe nekuda kwekuvhiringidzwa kwewebhu chimiro uye kuumbwa kwemamwe micelle maumbirwo.
03 Antimicrobial properties yeGemini Surfactants
Serudzi rwe organic antimicrobial agent, iyo antimicrobial mechanism ye baryonic surfactant inonyanya kusanganisa neanion pane cell membrane pamusoro pezvipembenene kana kuita nemapoka e sulfhydryl kukanganisa kugadzirwa kwemaprotein avo uye maseru membranes, nekudaro ichiparadza hutachiona hutachiona. kana kuuraya microorganisms.
3.1 Antimicrobial properties yeanionic Gemini Surfactants
Maantimicrobial properties eantimicrobial anionic surfactants anonyanya kutariswa nehunhu hwemaantimicrobial moieties avanotakura. Mune colloidal mhinduro dzakadai sechisikigo latexes uye machira, hydrophilic cheni inosunga kune inonyungudika mvura, uye hydrophobic maketani anosunga kune hydrophobic dispersions nedirection adsorption, nekudaro ichishandura iyo-chikamu chechikamu kuita dense molecular interfacial firimu. Iwo mabhakitiriya inhibitory mapoka pane iyi dense inodzivirira inodzivirira kukura kwebhakitiriya.
Iyo nzira yebhakitiriya inhibition yeanionic surfactants yakanyanya kusiyana neyeiyo cationic surfactants. Iyo bhakitiriya inhibition yeanionic surfactants ine hukama nehurongwa hwavo hwekugadzirisa uye mapoka ekudzivirira, saka rudzi urwu rwesurfactant runogona kugumira. Rudzi urwu rwesurfactant runofanira kunge rwuripo pamazinga akakwana kuitira kuti surfactant iripo mumakona ese ehurongwa kuti ibudise yakanaka microbicidal effect. Panguva imwecheteyo, rudzi urwu rwe surfactant haruwani nzvimbo uye chinangwa, izvo zvisingangokonzeri tsvina isingakoshi, asiwo inogadzira kushorwa kwenguva yakareba.
Semuenzaniso, alkyl sulfonate-based biosurfactants yakashandiswa mukurapa kwekiriniki. Alkyl sulfonates, yakadai seBusulfan neTreosulfan, inonyanya kubata zvirwere zvemyeloproliferative, ichiita kuti ibudise kuwirirana pakati pe guanine uye ureapurine, asi kuchinja uku hakugoni kugadziriswa nekuongorora kwemasero, zvichiita kuti apoptotic cell death.
3.2 Antimicrobial properties ye cationic Gemini Surfactants
Mhando huru ye cationic Gemini Surfactants yakagadzirwa ndeye quaternary ammonium salt type Gemini Surfactants. Quaternary ammonium mhando cationic Gemini Surfactants vane simba bactericidal mugumisiro nokuti pane maviri hydrophobic refu alkane cheni mu quaternary ammonium mhando baryonic surfactant mamorekuru, uye hydrophobic cheni kuumba hydrophobic adsorption pamwe sero rusvingo (peptidoglycan); panguva imwecheteyo, dzine maviri anochajiswa nitrogen ions, iyo inosimudzira kushambadza kwema surfactant molecules kusvika pamusoro pemabhakitiriya ane mhosva, uye kuburikidza nekupinda nekupararira, maketani e hydrophobic anopinda zvakadzika muBacterial cell membrane lipid layer, shandura iyo kupera kwesero membrane, zvichiita kuti kuputika kwebhakitiriya, kuwedzera kumapoka e-hydrophilic akadzika muprotein, zvichiita kuti kurasikirwa kwe enzyme uye kuparara kweprotein denaturation, nekuda kwekubatanidzwa kwemaitiro maviri aya, zvichiita kuti fungicide iite. yakasimba bactericidal effect.
Nekudaro, kubva pakuona kwezvakatipoteredza, aya ma surfactants ane hemolytic chiitiko uye cytotoxicity, uye nguva yakareba yekuonana nezvisikwa zvemumvura uye biodegradation inogona kuwedzera huturu hwavo.
3.3 Antibacterial zvimiro zvenonionic Gemini Surfactants
Parizvino kune mhando mbiri dzenonionic Gemini Surfactants, imwe inobva shuga uye imwe idoro ether uye phenol ether.
Iyo antibacterial mechanism yeshuga-yakatorwa biosurfactants yakavakirwa pahukama hwemamorekuru, uye mashuga-anobva kune surfactants anogona kusunga kune cell membranes, iyo ine nhamba huru ye phospholipids. Kana huwandu hwehuga hwezvinobva kune surfactants hwasvika pane imwe nhanho, inoshandura kupenya kwesero membrane, kugadzira pores uye ion nzira, izvo zvinokanganisa kutakurwa kwezvinhu zvinovaka muviri uye gasi kuchinjana, zvichikonzera kubuda kwezviri mukati uye pakupedzisira zvichitungamira kurufu rweiyo. utachiona.
Iyo antibacterial mechanism ye phenolic uye doro ethers antimicrobial agents ndeyekuita pane sero rusvingo kana sero membrane uye enzymes, ichivharira metabolic mabasa uye kukanganisa regenerative mabasa. Semuyenzaniso, antimicrobial zvinodhaka zve diphenyl ethers uye zvinobva kwavari (phenols) zvakanyudzwa mumasero ebhakitiriya kana mavhairasi uye anoita kuburikidza nesero madziro uye sero membrane, zvichitadzisa kuita uye kushanda kwema enzymes ane hukama neiyo synthesis ye nucleic acids nemapuroteni, kuderedza kukura uye kuberekana kwebhakitiriya. Iyo zvakare inoremadza iyo metabolic uye yekufema mabasa ema enzymes mukati mebhakitiriya, ayo anozokundikana.
3.4 Antibacterial zvimiro zveamphoteric Gemini Surfactants
Amphoteric Gemini Surfactants ikirasi yevano surfactants vane ese macations uye anions mune yavo molecular chimiro, anogona ionize mune aqueous mhinduro, uye anoratidza zvimiro zveanionic surfactants mune imwe yepakati mamiriro uye cationic surfactants mune imwe yepakati mamiriro. Iyo nzira yebhakitiriya inhibition yeamphoteric surfactants haigoneki, asi zvinotendwa kuti inhibition inogona kufanana neye quaternary ammonium surfactants, uko iyo surfactant inoshambadza zviri nyore pane yakashata inochajiswa pamusoro pebhakitiriya uye inokanganisa hutachiona metabolism.
3.4.1 Antimicrobial properties yeamino acid Gemini Surfactants
Amino acid type baryonic surfactant is cationic amphoteric baryonic surfactant inoumbwa nemaamino acids maviri, saka maantimicrobial maitiro ayo akafanana neayo equaternary ammonium salt type baryonic surfactant. Iyo yakanatswa chikamu cheiyo surfactant chinokwezvwa kune yakashata chaji chikamu chebhakitiriya kana hutachiona hwepamusoro nekuda kwekubatana kwe electrostatic, uye ipapo maketani e hydrophobic anosunga kune lipid bilayer, zvichiita kuti pave nekubuda kwesero zviri mukati uye lysis kusvika pakufa. Iine mabhenefiti akakosha pamusoro pe quaternary ammonium-based Gemini Surfactants: nyore biodegradability, yakaderera hemolytic chiitiko, uye yakaderera muchetura, saka iri kuvandudzwa kushandiswa kwayo uye ndima yayo yekushandisa iri kuwedzera.
3.4.2 Antibacterial properties ye-non-amino acid type Gemini Surfactants
Iyo isiri-amino acid mhando amphoteric Gemini Surfactants ine pamusoro inoshanda mamorekuru masara ane ese ari maviri asina ionizable akanaka uye akashata echaji nzvimbo. Iyo huru isiri-amino acid mhando Gemini Surfactants ndeye betaine, imidazoline, uye amine oxide. Tichitora betaine mhando semuenzaniso, betaine-mhando amphoteric surfactants ine ese anionic uye cationic mapoka mumamorekuru avo, ayo asingatani kukanganiswa neinorganic munyu uye ane surfactant mhedzisiro mune zvese acidic uye alkaline mhinduro, uye antimicrobial mashandiro e cationic Gemini Surfactants ndeye. inoteverwa mune acidic mhinduro uye iyo yeanionic Gemini Surfactants mune alkaline mhinduro. Iyo zvakare ine yakanakisa kusanganisa kuita nemamwe marudzi emasurfactants.
04 Mhedziso uye maonero
Gemini Surfactants ari kuwedzera kushandiswa muhupenyu nekuda kwechimiro chavo chakakosha, uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yeantibacterial sterilization, kugadzirwa kwechikafu, defoaming uye foam inhibition, zvinodhaka zvinononoka kuburitswa uye kuchenesa maindasitiri. Nekuwedzera kuri kuita kwegirinhi kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, Gemini Surfactants inogadzirwa zvishoma nezvishoma kuita inoshamwaridzana nharaunda uye akawanda anoshanda surfactants. Tsvakurudzo yeramangwana pamusoro peGemini Surfactants inogona kuitwa muzvikamu zvinotevera: kugadzira Gemini Surfactants itsva ine zvivako zvakakosha uye mabasa, kunyanya kusimbisa tsvakurudzo ye antibacterial uye antiviral; kusanganiswa neakajairika ma surfactants kana ekuwedzera kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvine kuita kuri nani; uye kushandisa zvakachipa uye zviri nyore kuwanikwa mbishi kusanganisa zvakatipoteredza zvine hushamwari Gemini Surfactants.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-25-2022