Kazhinji, chimwe chikamu che emulsion imvura kana aqueous solution, iyo inonzi aqueous phase; Chimwe chikamu chikamu chehupenyu chisingaenderane nemvura, inozivikanwa sechikamu chemafuta.

1, Kuronga

Nzira nhatu dzekupatsanura:

1. Yakakamurwa nekwakabva: zvigadzirwa zvechisikigo uye zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira;

2. Yakarongedzerwa nehuremu hwema molecular: low molecular weight emulsifiers (c10-c20) uye high molecular weight emulsifiers (c zviuru);

3. Zvinoenderana nekuti inogona ionize mune aqueous solution, inogona kukamurwa kuva ionic type (anions, cations, and anions and cations) uye isiri-ionic type.

Iyi ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa nzira yekuronga.

 

2. Basa uye musimboti we emulsifiers

Basa guru rema emulsifiers nderokudzikisa tension yepasi pezvinwiwa zviviri zviri emulsified. Naizvozvo, kana ma surfactants achishandiswa se emulsifiers, imwe magumo eboka ravo re hydrophobic adsorbs pamusoro pezvisinganyunguriki zvemvura zvimedu (semafuta), nepo boka re hydrophilic richitambanuka rakananga kumvura. Masurfactants anorongwa negwara pamusoro pezvimedu zvemvura kuti agadzire hydrophilic adsorption firimu (interfacial film), kuitira kuti kuderedze kukwezvana pakati pemadonhwe, kuderedza kusawirirana kwepamusoro pakati pezvikamu zviviri, uye kukurudzira kupararira kwepakati kuita emulsions.

Iko kusungirirwa kwesurfactant kune zvakanangana nekusimba kweiyo interfacial face mask. Nekutarisisa kwakanyanya, kune akawanda surfactant mamorekuru adsorbed pane iyo interface, achigadzira dense uye yakasimba interface yekumeso mask.

Akasiyana emulsifiers ane akasiyana emulsification mhedzisiro, uye huwandu hunodiwa kuti uwane yakakwana emulsification mhedzisiro inosiyanawo. Kazhinji kutaura, kukura kwema molecular emulsifier iyo inoumba muganhu wemasiki yechiso, inowedzera simba refirimu, uye iyo inozora yakagadzikana; Pane zvinopesana, iyo idiki simba, iyo yakaderera iyo firimu simba, uye yakanyanya kusagadzikana emulsion.

Kana paine polar organic molecules senge fatty alcohol, fatty acid uye fatty amine mune kumeso mask, simba re membrane rinovandudzwa zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti emulsifier mamorekuru anodyidzana nemapolar mamorekuru akadai sedoro, asidhi uye amine mune interface adsorption layer kuti iite yakaoma, iyo inowedzera simba reiyo interface kumeso mask.

Iyo emulsifier inoumbwa neanopfuura maviri surfactants musanganiswa emulsifier. Nekuda kwekubatana kwakasimba pakati pemamorekuru, tension yemukati inodzikiswa zvakanyanya, huwandu hweemulsifier adsorbed pane iyo interface inowedzera zvakanyanya, uye kuwanda uye kusimba kweakaumbwa kumeso kwechiso mask kunowedzera.

Munguva yekuumbwa kwe emulsion, kuwirirana kwepakati pakati pemafuta nemvura kunoderedzwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekubatanidzwa kweva surfactants, uye inova emulsion yakagadzikana. Nekudaro, kuchine mafuta-mvura yakatarisana nekunetsana mu emulsion isingasvike zero nekuda kweCMC kana solubility zvirambidzo. Naizvozvo, lotion is thermodynamic unstable system.

Iko kupindirana kwepakati pakati pemafuta nemvura ye micro emulsion yakaderera zvekuti haigone kuyerwa. Iyo inonzi thermodynamic stable system. Izvi zvinonyanya kuwanikwa nekuwedzera rudzi rwechipiri rwesurfactant ine zvimiro zvakasiyana zvachose (senge madoro ane mwero sepentanol, hexanol, uye heptanol, inozivikanwa se co surfactants), izvo zvinogona kuwedzera kudzikisa tension yemukati kusvika padanho diki, kunyangwe zvichizokonzeresa maitiro asina kunaka ipapo ipapo. Izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa neGibbs 'adsorption equation yeakawanda-component masisitimu.

 

3, Mhando ye emulsion

Type

Common emulsion , chimwe chikamu imvura kana aqueous solution, uye imwe iine organic matter iyo isinganyunguriki nemvura, yakadai segirisi, wakisi, etc.emulsion inoumbwa nemvura nemafuta inogona kugoverwa mumhando nhatu:

(a) Mafuta mumhando yemvura (O'W)
(e) Mukaka wakasanganiswa (W/O/W)
(b) Mafuta mumhando yemvura (W/O)

(1) Mafuta / mvura (0/W) emulsion, mafuta akaparadzirwa mumvura. Oiri chikamu chakapararira (chikamu chemukati), uye mvura inoenderera mberi (chikamu chekunze) mafuta mumvura emulsion, inogona kuderedzwa nemvura. Zvakadai semukaka, mukaka wesoya, nezvimwe.

(2) Mvura / mafuta (W/0) emulsion, mvura yakapararira mumafuta. Mvura chikamu chakaparadzirwa (mukati mechikamu) uye mafuta chikamu chinoenderera (chekunze chikamu) chemvura mumafuta emulsion. Mhando iyi ye emulsion inogona kuderedzwa nemafuta. Zvakadai seartificial butter, crude oil, nezvimwe.

(3)Ring shaped emulsions, inoumbwa nekutsinhanisa kuparadzirwa kwemvura nemafuta zvikamu zvakaturikidzana, zvinonyanya kuuya nenzira mbiri: mafuta mumvura uye mafuta mumafuta 0/W/0 (kureva chikamu chemvura chine madonhwe emafuta akapararira akamiswa muchikamu chemafuta uye mvura mumafuta nemvura mumvura W/0/W (kureva kuti chikamu chemafuta chine madonhwe emvura akapararira muchikamu chemvura chakasimirirwa). mafuta asina kuchena.

 

Nzira yekutarisa emulsion mhando

(1) Dilution nzira

Dilute emulsion nemvura imwechete sechikamu chinopfuurira. Iyo mvura soluble emulsion imhando yemafuta / yemvura, uye iyo mafuta soluble emulsion imhando yemvura / mafuta.
Semuenzaniso, mukaka unogona kuderedzwa nemvura, asi haugone kusanganiswa nemafuta emiriwo. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti mukaka ndeye O/W emulsion.

(2) Nzira yekufambisa

Iyo conductivity yemvura nemafuta inosiyana zvakanyanya, uye conductivity yemafuta / emulsion yemvura ine mazana enguva yakakura kupfuura iyo yemvura / mafuta. Nokudaro, ma electrode maviri akaiswa mu emulsion uye neon yakabatanidzwa mumutsara muchiuno, uye chiedza chemafuta / mvura chiripo.

(3) Kusvibisa nzira

Wedzera 2-3 madonhwe emafuta-based kana mvura-based dyes mu test tube, uye tonga rudzi rwe emulsion maererano nemhando ipi yedhayi inogona kuita kuti chikamu chinopfuurira chienzane nemavara.

(4) Sefa nzira yekunyorova bepa

Donhedza lotion papepa resefa. Kana iyo mvura inogona kuwedzera nokukurumidza uye donho duku rinosara pakati, lotion imafuta mumvura; kana lotion madonhwe haana kuwedzera, mafuta ari mvura mhando.

(5) Optical refraction nzira

Iyo yakasiyana refractive index yemvura nemafuta kuchiedza inoshandiswa kuziva rudzi rwe emulsion. Kana iyo emulsion iri mafuta mumvura, zvimedu zvinotamba basa rekuunganidza chiedza, uye chete rutivi rworuboshwe rwezvikamu zvinogona kuonekwa ne microscope; Kana iyo emulsion iri mvura mumafuta, zvimedu zvinotamba basa re astigmatism, uye chete chinyorwa chakanaka chezvikamu chinogona kuonekwa ne microscope;

Zvinhu zvikuru zvinokanganisa rudzi rwemulsion

(1)Pase vhoriyamu:

The phase volume theory yakakurudzirwa ne0stwald kubva pakuona kwejometri. Maonero acho ndeekuti tichifunga kuti mabeads emafuta elotion akaenzana saizi uye akaomesesa sphere, chikamu chechikamu chevhoriyamu chemvura mabhero chinogona kungoverengera 74.02% yevhoriyamu yese kana yanyanya kuzara. Kana iyo chikamu vhoriyamu yakakosha nhamba yemabhedhi emvura yakakura kupfuura 74.02%, iyo lotion ichave yakaremara kana kukuvara.

(a) Uniform droplet akapfuma murwi wakarukwa emulsion
(b) Madonhwe asina kuenzana dense stacking emulsion
(c) Non spherical liquid madonhwe anoda stacking uye emulsion (isina kugadzikana)

Tora iyo O/W mhando emulsion semuenzaniso, kana chikamu chakakosha nhamba yemafuta yakakura kupfuura 74.02%, emulsion inogona kungogadzira W/0 mhando, apo O/i mhando iri pasi pe25.98%, uye kana chikamu chiri 25.98% -74.02%, inogona kuumba chero 0/W kana W0 mhando.

 

Molecular Structure uye Properties of Emulsifiers - Wedge Theory

The wedge theory inobva pane nzvimbo ye emulsifiers kuti ione rudzi rwemulsion. Iyo wedge theory inoratidza kuti nzvimbo dzakachinjika dzemahydrophilic uye hydrophobic mapoka mune emulsifiers haana kuenzana. Mamorekuru emu emulsifiers anoonekwa semaweji, ane magumo akakura uye mamwe madiki. Mugumo mudiki we emulsifier unogona kuiswa mukati meiyo droplet senge wedge uye yakarongedzwa nenzira inotungamira pane iyo mafuta-mvura interface. Iyo hydrophilic polar kupera inosvika muchikamu chemvura, nepo lipophilic hydrocarbon chain ichipinda muchikamu chemafuta, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwesimba remukati.

 

Kufurira kweEmulsifier Material pane emulsion Type

Mukuwedzera kune simba rezvinhu zvakadai se emulsion kuumbwa zvinhu uye emulsion kuumba mamiriro, mamiriro ekunze anewo maitiro kune rudzi rwemulsion. Semuenzaniso, chimiro che hydrophilic uye lipophilic ye emulsion wall yakasimba, uye O / W emulsion iri nyore kuumba apo hydrophilic yemhando ye emulsion rusvingo yakasimba, nepo W / 0 emulsion iri nyore kuumba apo lipophilic ye emulsion wall yakasimba. Chikonzero ndechekuti mvura inoda kuchengetedza chikamu chechikamu chinoramba chiri pamadziro, kuitira kuti zvisave nyore kuparadzirwa mumabheji emvura paunenge uchikurudzira. Girazi rine hydrophilic nepo plastiki iine hydrophobic, saka yekutanga inokwanisa kuumba O/W emulsions nepo iyo yekupedzisira ichida kuumba W/0 emulsions.

 

Dzidziso yeAggregation Velocity yeZvikamu Zviviri

Iyo coalescence yekumhanyisa dzidziso inotangira kubva kupesvedzero yekubatana kwekumhanya kwemhando mbiri dzemadonhwe anoumba emulsion pane emulsion, uye vanotonga kuti coalescence kumhanya kwemhando mbiri dzemadonhwe zvinoenderana nekumhanya kwekubatana kwemhando mbiri dzemadonhwe apo emulsion, shark, uye kuuraya pamwe chete kufukidza kudiwa.

 

Tembiricha

Kuwedzera kwekushisa kunoderedza iyo hydration degree ye hydrophilic mapoka, nekudaro kuderedza hydrophilicity yemamorekuru. Naizvozvo, iyo 0/w emulsion inoumbwa pakudziya kwakadzika inogona kushanduka kuita W/0 emulsion pakupisa. Iyi tembiricha tembiricha tembiricha iyo iyo hydrophilic uye lipophilic zvimiro zve surfactant inosvika pakuenzana kwakakodzera, inozivikanwa sechikamu chekuchinja tembiricha PIT.

Nekudaro, kana iyo yekumisikidza emulsifier yakakura zvakakwana kuti ikunde pesvedzero yekunyorova pfuma ye emulsifier zvinhu, mhando ye emulsion inoumbwa inongoenderana nechimiro cheiyo emulsifier pachayo uye haina chekuita ne hydrophilicity uye lipophilicity yemudziyo madziro.