Kazhinji, chikamu chimwe chekuremerwa imvura kana mhinduro yemvura, iyo inonzi mucherechedzo wemba; Chimwe chikamu chimwe chikamu chinongedzo chesimbe chinokonzereswa nemvura, inozivikanwa sechipenga cheoiri.

1, Kugadziriswa

Nzira nhatu dzekuenzanisa:

1. Classified neSource: Zvigadzirwa zvepanyama uye zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira;

2

3. Zvinoenderana nekuti inogona kuikei mumvura mhinduro, inogona kukamurwa kuita Ionic mhando (anigns, zvidiki, uye zvidiki uye zvimiro zvezvinhu) uye zvisiri-ionic mhando.

Iyi ndiyo nzira inowanzo shandiswa yakarongwa nzira.

 

2, basa uye nheyo ye emulsifiers

Basa guru remulsifibilifiers ndere kuderedza kusawirirana kwezvinhu zviviri zvinwiwa zviri zvinoitwa. Naizvozvo, apo surfachers inoshandiswa se emulsifiers, mumwe mugumo weboka ravo rehydrophobic adsorbs pamusoro peiyo insoluble mvura zvikamu (asi iyo hydrophic boka rakananga kumvura. Surfers

Iko kusungwa kweSurfactant kune zvakananga kukanganisa pane iyo simba rezvakakosha kumeso kumeso. Nekushushikana zvakanyanya, kune akawanda mamaira anofamba-famba anoshambadzira pane iyo interface, achiumba dense uye yakasimba interface kumeso mask.

Mhedzisiro dzakasiyana ine mhedzisiro dzakasiyana-siyana, uye huwandu hunodiwa kuti uwane iyo yakakodzera emulsification mhedzisiro inosiyana zvakare. Kazhinji, iyo yakakura simba remanyorerwo emhedzisiro iyo inoumba muganho wechiso, iyo yakakwira simba remafirimu, uye zvakanyanya kugadzikana lotion; Pane kusapindirana, zvidiki simba, iyo yakadzika iyo firimu simba, uye iyo isinga fungidzirwe emulsion.

Kana paine polar organic mamorekuru akadai seakakora doro, mafuta acid uye fatty amine mune yechiso, iyo simba reMetrene rakanyatsogadziriswa. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti emolsifier mamorekuru anopindirana nemamolekora akadai sedoro, asidhi uye ambine mune yekubvunzana adsorption yekugadzira yakaoma, inowedzera simba rezvikamu zvacho kumeso kumeso.

Embultifier inoumbwa neanopfuura maviri surfactants ndeye emulsifier yakasanganiswa. Nekuda kwekudyidzana kwakasimba pakati pemamorekuru, kupindirana kwakasimba kwakaderedzwa zvakanyanya, huwandu hwe emulsifier zvakadhindwa pane iyo interface yakanyanya kuwanda, uye density uye yakasimba yeiyo yakaumbwa kumeso mask inowedzera.

Munguva yekuumbwa kwekuumbwa kwemolsion, kusawirirana kwekunetseka pakati pekumafuta nemvura kunoderedzwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekutora chikamu kwevasashi, uye zvinova emulsion yakagadzikana. Nekudaro, kuchine kusagadzikana kwemafuta-kwemvura mumuromo izvo zvisingakwanisi kusvika zero nekuda kweCMC kana kuti solubility. Naizvozvo, rotion inzvimbo yeThebudynamic isina kugadzikana.

Iko kusangana kwekunetseka pakati pekumafuta nemvura yemicro micro yakaderera zvekuti haigone kuyerwa. Iyo yeiyo thermodynamic yakagadzikana system. Izvi zvinonyanya kuwanikwa nekuwedzera yechipiri mhando yemunhu akasarudzika nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakadai saPentanil, anozivikanwa sePexanol, uye anozivikanwa nekudzora kusawirirana nenhamba diki, kunyangwe zvichikonzera tsika dzakashata. Izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa neGibbs 'adsorption equation yehuwandu-huwandu masisitimu.

 

3, mhando ye emulsion

Nyora

Mhedzisiro yakajairika, chikamu chimwe chete imvura kana mhinduro yemvura, uye imwe yacho inyamati inoshambidzika nemvura, senge mafuta, wax, etc.emulsion yakaumbwa nemvura uye mafuta inogona kukamurwa kuita matatu marudzi:

(a) mafuta muTriver Type (O'W)
(e) Compound mukaka (w / o / w)
(b) mafuta mumhando yemvura (w / o)

(1) Oiri / mvura (0 / w) emulsion, mafuta akapararira mumvura. Oiri chikamu chakaparadzaniswa (chikamu chemukati), uye mvura ndicho chikamu chinoenderera mberi (chekunze chikamu) mafuta mumvura yemvura, izvo zvinogona kuderedzwa nemvura. Senge mukaka, soya mukaka, nezvimwe.

(2) mvura / mafuta (w / 0) emulsion, mvura yakavharidzirwa mumafuta. Mvura inoparadzirwa chikamu (chikamu chemukati) uye mafuta chinhu chinoenderera chikamu (chekunze chikamu) chemvura mumvura ine mafuta emulsion. Rudzi urwu rwemulsion runogona kuderedzwa nemafuta. Senge butter yekunyepedzera, mafuta asina kuchena, nezvimwe.

. mumafuta asina mafuta.

 

Nzira yekutarisa Emulsion Type

(1) nzira yedhiri

Dilute emulsion nemvura yakafanana nechikamu chinoenderera mberi. Mvura inonyungudika mhoultion ndeye mafuta / yemvura mhando, uye iyo yemafuta yekunyura kwemeso imvura / mafuta emhando.
Semuenzaniso, mukaka unogona kuderedzwa nemvura, asi haugone kuve wakanangana nemafuta emiriwo. Inogona kuoneka iyo mukaka ndeye o / w emulsion.

(2) nzira yekugadzirisa

Kuitwa kwemvura nemafuta kwakasiyana kwazvo, uye kufambidzana kwemaziso / mvura emvura ndeye mazana emvura yakakura kupfuura iyo yemvura / mafuta. Naizvozvo, ma electrode maviri akaiswa mu emulsion uye neon yakabatana muhukuru mune chiuno, uye iyo yemafuta / yemvura mwenje iri.

(3) nzira yekusagadzikana

Wedzera 2-3 madonhwe emafuta-anobva kune madhiri emvura muyedzo wechiedza, uye tongai mhando yemhedzisiro zvichienderana nerudzi rwemhando ipi neipi inowanzoita chikamu chinoenderera.

(4) faira repepa rekunyorova

Donhedza lotion papepa refaira. Kana iyo mvura inogona kuwedzera nekukurumidza uye kudonha kudiki kunosiyiwa pakati, iyo zasi mafuta mumvura; Kana madonhwe okupedzisira asingawedzere, iwo mafuta mumhando yemvura.

(5) Optical Refraction nzira

Iyo yakasiyana yekudzora index yemvura uye mafuta pachiedza inoshandiswa kuratidza mhando yemulsion. Kana emulsion mafuta mumvura, zvimedu zvinotora chiedza kuunganidza, uye chete kuruboshwe rwezvinhu zvimedu zvinogona kuoneka nemicroscope; Kana emulsion imvura iri mumafuta, zvimedu zvinotora basa reASTIGMATISM, uye chete kurudyi rwezvematongerwo enyika zvinogona kuoneka nemicroscope;

Izvo zvinhu zvikuru zvinokanganisa mhando yemulsion

(1) Phase vhoriyamu:

Iyo phase vhoriyamu fungidziro yakagadziriswa ne 0stwald kubva kune geometric maonero. Maonero aya anofunga kuti madhiri emvura emafuta akaenzana uye akaomarara, chikamu chechiputi chemvura chinogona chete Kana iyo phase vhoriyamu inobatanidza nhamba yemvura inodarika yakakura kupfuura 74.02%, iyo lotion ichave yakaremara kana kukuvara.

(a) yunifomu inodonha muromo wakapfuma
.
.

Tora iyo O / W Type emulsion semuenzaniso, kana iyo chikamu cheChikamu cheMafuta chakakura kupfuura 74.02

 

Molecular chimiro uye zvivakwa zve emulsifiers - Wedge theory

Iyo wedhi fungidziro yakavakirwa pane iyo spatial chimiro che emlsifiers kuti uone mhando ye emulsion. Iyo tynory inyoroti inoratidza kuti nzvimbo dzinoyambuka dzeMuchinjiko dze hydrophilic uye hydrophobic mapoka ari mumhungu dzisina kuenzana. Mamolekyulu emimhanzi anoonekwa sematoyi, aine imwe yekupedzisira yakakura uye imwe diki. Mugumo Mudiki weeMulsifier inogona kuiswa mukati mekono yedanho kunge wedge uye yakarongedzwa nenzira yekufambisa paoiri-yemvura interface. Iyo hydrophic polar yekupedzisira inopinda muchikamu chemoyo, nepo lipophic hydrocarbon keteni inotambanukira mukamuri yeOri, zvichikonzera kuwedzerwa simba.

 

Pesvedzero ye emulsifier yezvinyorwa pamhando ye emulsion

Pamusoro pesimba rezvinhu zvakadai se emulsion zvinyorwa zvekunyora uye emulsion kugadzira mamiriro, mamiriro ekunze zvakare ane chekuita nemhando yemhando yemulsion. Semuenzaniso, iyo hydrophic uye lipopic chimiro chemadziro emumhepo yakasimba, uye o / w emulsion iri nyore kuumba kana iyo W / 0 emulsion iri nyore kuumba kana madimikira echisimba emadziro emumhepo ane simba. Icho chikonzero ndechekuti iyo mvura inoda kuchengetedza chikamu chekuenderera mberi chikamu pamadziro, kuti hazvisi nyore kuparadzirwa mumvura inoyerera kana ichimutsa. Girazi iri hydrophilic nepo mapurasitiki iri hydrophobic, saka yekutanga iri kuumbwa kuumba o / w elsions apo iyo yekupedzisira ichiratidzira kuumba w / 0 emulsions.

 

Dzidziso yeAggregation Velocity yeChikamu Chiri

Iyo coalescence yekumhanyisa fungidziro inotanga kubva mukumhanya kwemhando yemhando mbiri dzemhando mbiri dzemarara, uye vatongi kuti madonhwe maviri emadonhwe emhando kana emulsion, shark, uye kuuraya pamwe chete kufukidza kudiwa.

 

Tembiricha

Kuwedzera kwe tembiricha kuchadzikisa iyo hydration degree remapoka ehydrophilic, nekudaro kuderedza hydrophilipity yemamorekuru. Naizvozvo, iyo 0 / w elsion yakaumbwa pakudziya kwakaderera kunogona kushandura kuita w / 0 emulsion pane kupisa kumusoro. Uku tembiricha tembiricha ndeye tembiricha iyo iyo hydrophilic uye lipophic zvivakwa zvechisikija chinowana chakakodzera kuenzana, chinozivikanwa sechiputi chinoshandura tembiricha tembiricha.

Nekudaro, kana kusarongeka kwe emulsifier kwakakura zvakakwana kuti ukunde pesvedzero yezvinyorwa zvekunyoroveswa kweeMulsifier, iyo emelsion yakaumbwa nemhando yeiyo emulsifier pachayo uye haina chekuita nehydrofiromido uye lydrofiromity uye lydiropoti yemadziro.