Zvigadzirwa zvedu Zvikuru: Block Silicone, Hydrophic Silicone

Sezvo kupinda kwavo mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri muma1940, surfers vanenge vachishandiswa zvakanyanya uye vanorumbidzwa se "msg ye" msg yeiyo indasitiri. " Surfactant mamorekuru vane hunhu hweAmphiphilic hunhu, achivigira kuti vaunganidze munzvimbo dzemvura mumvura, shanduko zvakanyanya mhinduro. Zvichienderana nehuremu hwe hydrophic kune hydrophobic zvikamu uye iyo molecular chimiro, surfactants inoratidza zvakasiyana. Ivo vane huwandu hwemafashama maitiro, kusanganisira kupararira, kunyorova kana kunamatira-kunamatira, emulsization kana deminzation, kupupuma, kugeza, kugeza, kuchengetedzwa, uye zvinochengetedzwa, uye antistatic mhedzisiro. Izvi zvimiro zvakakosha zvakakosha kune yekunyora dhayi uye kugadzirisa. Statistics inoratidza kuti vanopfuura zviuru zvitatu zvemhando dzevashandisi vanoshandiswa muzvinyorwa zvecomputer, izvo zvakakosha pakugadzira maitiro, kusanganisira fiber kunatswa, kuchema, kudhonzwa, kudhonzwa, kudhirowa, uye kupedzisa. Basa ravo ndere kusimudzira kunaka kwevanhurume, kuvandudza mashandiro eyarns, uye nguva dzinopfupisa dzekugadzirisa; Saka, surfacts inopa zvakanyanyisa kune indasitiri yemachira.

 

1. Zvikumbiro zve surfachers mune iyo machira endarama

 

1.1 yekugeza maitiro

Mukushambidza kwemaitiro ekugadzirisa, zvakakosha kuti urege kutarisa chete yekugeza mhedzisiro asi zvakare kupfava kwezvinhu zvinokatyamadza uye zvinogona kuitika. Naizvozvo, kukura kwesurachers nyowani inopa yakanaka yekuchenesa yekuchenesa ichiramba ichinyorova uye ruvara ruvara rwemucheka rwava chinhu chakakosha chekutsvaga kwevasarate. Nekuwedzera kwekuziva kwekudzivirirwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye nzvimbo dzekutenderera dzemamiriro ekunze dzakatarisana nevatengesi vekunze.

1.2 Dhayi Kugadzirisa

SurfactVanti anoshanda zviyero zvakawandisa, anoshanda ese ari maviri anoparadzira kuti dhayi yekugadzira uye seyekuvandudza vamiriri mukudya. Parizvino, anionic surfects anonyanya kushandiswa sevaparidzi, kusanganisira naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehdedde condens uye lignin sulfonates. Vasonic surfacts kunge nonylphenol ethoxylat Cationic uye zwitterionic surfachants ane mamwe mashoma ekushandisa. Sechitsva cheDyedmulodologies, yakadai se microwave dyeing, foam yekudhinda, kudhinda dhayeti, uye supercritical fluid dhayezero, izvo zvinodiwa pakukwirira uye kupararira kwave kufarirwa.

1.3 vanyoro-nyoro vamiririri

Pamberi pekunyepa uye kupedzisa, zvinyorwa zvinowanzove nekuregerera sekusviba uye kusviba, izvo zvinogona kuguma neruoko rwakaoma kunzwa. Kuti upe simba rakasimba, rakatsetseka, uye ruoko runyoro, zvinyoro-nyoro-nyoro-dzakawanda dzadzo dziri surfersants - dzinodiwa. Anionic Spaning vamiriri vanga vari mukushandiswa kwenguva yakareba asi takatarisana nematambudziko muAdsorption nekuda kwekushomeka kwemvura mumvura, zvichikonzera kushaya simba. Mamwe marudzi anokodzera kushandiswa mumafuta ezvipenga kunge zvinyoro-nyoro, kusanganisira sulfosuccccinate uye sarufated castor oiri.

Vasingazivikanwe vanonhuwirira vamiriri vanogadzira ruoko vanzwe zvakafanana neAnonic avo vasina kukonzera dhayire discoloration; Ivo vanogona kushandiswa neAnonic kana Cationan Sporing vamiririri asi vane murombo fiber adsorption uye kuderera kusimba. Ivo vanonyanya kushandiswa mukupedza-kupedzisa kweCellulosic fibers uye seyakajeka uye zvinhu zvinyoro-nyoro mune synthetic fiber emafuta emafuta ewaini. Makirasi akadai sePentaerythritol Fatty Acders Acders uye Sorbitan Fatty acid esters yakakosha, zvakanyanya kuderedza kuenderana kwekukakavara kweCellulosic uye Synthetic Frester.

MaCational surfalit vanoratidzira kusungwa kwakasimba nemahara akasiyana-siyana, vanopenga-vanopesana nekushambidza kusuka, kupa ruoko rwakapfuma uye runyoro rwunonzwa. Ivo zvakare vanopa iyo Antistatic Properticies uye yakanaka antibacterial mhedzisiro, ichivaita ivo vanonyanya kukosha uye vakashandiswa zvakanyanya vanyoro-nyoro vamiriri. Ruzhinji rweCational surfachants surfage Pakati pavo. Chizvarwa chitsva chezvigadzirwa zvakasvibira zvinowanzove nemaseketa ane ester, kana mapoka, kana hydroxyl mapoka ari nyore bioderdable ne microorganisms muFarty Acids, nekudaro kuderedza mamiriro ekunze.

1.4 Antisticatic Agents

Kuti ubvise kana kudzivirira magetsi emagetsi akagadzirwa panguva dzakasiyana-siyana matanho ekunyora uye mukupedza machira ekupedza maitiro, vamiririri veanticatic vanodiwa. Basa ravo rekutanga rinopa kuganhurira nekunyoroveswa kwezvinhu zvemagetsi, kuderedza zvivakwa zvekusimbisa uye kuwedzera maitiro ekuzvidza mari uye kubvisa kana kudzivirira magetsi. Pakati pevaridzi veSurfers Mafuta akasvinwa, mafuta ecids, uye yakakwirira-kabhoni makaroni macloths anogona kupa Antistatic, kupfava, uye zvinokatyamadza. Alkyl Sulfates, kunyanya Ammonium Salts uye ethanolamine munyu, iva nekwakakwirira eantistatic basa.

Zvakare, Alkylphel EthoxyLates Sulfates anomira pakati peAnionic Antistatic vamiriri vekumanikidza kwavo. Kazhinji, surfial surfacts haisangobudirira chete anoshanda eanticatic asiwo anopa zvakanakisa zviumbwa zvehunhu uye fiber dest. Kuzvimba kwavo kunosanganisira kusawirirana kweDye, kupfuurira neanonic surfers Cationic surfers Zwitterionic surfachants, yakadai seBaisialaan, inopa yakanaka eantiantic mhedzisiro uye miganho, inoisa, uye inopararira zvivakwa.

Vasonic surfactants kuratidzira kwakasimba kwekunyorovesa uye kwakakodzera kune yakaderera yekunyorova mamiriro emota. Ivo havawanzo kubata dhayi yekuita uye vanogona kugadzirisa viscosity pamusoro pehuremu hwakawandisa, hunowedzera kusimbisa kweganda.

1.5 Penetrants uye Interting vamiririri

Penetrants uye maVamiririri vanorova vanowedzera vanosimudzira iyo yekukurumidza kunyorova kwe fiber kana machira emvura nemvura uye inofambisa kupinza kwezvinwiwa mudhara. Surfers Kupinzwa kunoenderana nekunyorova kwakaringana kwekutanga kuenda. Kunyorovera kunoreva degree kune iyo mvura inopararira pamusoro pechinhu chakasimba pane kusangana. Naizvozvo, vamiririri uye vamiririri vanorova vanoshandiswa kwete chete pakubata kwekutambisa sekuda sekuda, kuonda, uye kusvibisa asiwo mukudhinda uye kupedzisa maitiro.

Hunhu hunodiwa penzura uye vamiririri vanorova zvinosanganisira: 1) kuramba kumvura yakaoma neAlkali; 2) kugona kwakasimba kwekupinza kupfupisa nguva yekugadzirisa; 3) Kuvandudzwa kwakakosha kweiyopillarity yemachira akarapwa. Cationic surfachants haina kukodzera sekunyorova vamiririri nekuti ivo vanogona adsorb pane fibers uye vanotadzisa kunyorova. Zwitterionic surfachers vane zvimwe zvisingakwanisi mukushandisa. Nekudaro, iyo surfers Pamusoro pezvo, surfacts muindasitiri yemiindaniso inoshandiswawo sekunatswa vamiririri, emelsifiers, vaenzi vanopusa, vamiririri vanonhuhwirira, vachigadzira vamiriri, uye vanozvidza mvura.

Alkyl Polyglucside (APG) iri bio-surfantant yakashongedzwa kubva kune zvakasikwa mafuta alcohols uye glucose inotorwa kubva kuzvinhu zvinotsigirwa. Iwo rudzi rutsva rweisirioni siractant nekureba kuita, kusanganisa zvivakwa zvevose zviri zviviri zvakajairika nonitic uye anonic surfacts. Iyo inozivikanwa Internationally seyakasarudzika "Green" inoshanda siractant, inoratidzwa neyakakura nzvimbo yekuita, yakanaka yekuchengetedza, uye solubility.