Zvigadzirwa zvedu zvikuru: Amino silikoni, block silicone, hydrophilic silicone, ese emulsion yavo yesilicone, wetting rubbing fastness improver, mvura inodzinga (Fluorine yemahara, Carbon 6, Carbon 8), demin washing chemicals (ABS, Enzyme, Spandex protector, Manganese remover) , Mainexport nyika: India, Pakistanrk, Bangladesh, Uü etc.

 

Industrial monosodium glutamate, inozivikanwawo sema surfactants, imhando yezvinhu izvo, kana zvawedzerwa zvishoma, zvinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kushushikana kwepamusoro pezvinonyungudutsa (kazhinji mvura) uye kushandura iyo interfacial mamiriro ehurongwa; Kana yasvika pane imwe pfungwa, inoumba micelles mumushonga. Naizvozvo, inogadzira wetting kana anti wetting, emulsification uye demulsification, furo kana defoaming, solubilization, kugeza uye zvimwe mhedzisiro kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa zvinoshanda. Monosodium glutamate, semami substance, inowanikwa mukudya kwedu uye hupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri, ma surfactants zvinhu zvakafanana ne monosodium glutamate, izvo zvisingade kuwanda uye zvinogona kuita zvinoshamisa. Zvinhu izvi zvinowanzozivikanwa sema surfactants.

 

Nhanganyaya kune Surfactants

 

Masurfactants ane zwitterionic molecular structure: imwe mugumo iboka re hydrophilic, rakapfupikiswa se hydrophilic boka, rinozivikanwawo se oleophobic kana oleophobic boka, rinogona kunyungudutsa surfactants mumvura se monomers. Mapoka eHydrophilic anowanzova mapoka epolar, anogona kuva mapoka e-carboxyl (- COOH), mapoka e-sulfonic acid (- SO3H), mapoka emamino (- NH2) kana mapoka emamino nemunyu wavo. Mapoka eHydroxyl (- OH), mapoka amide, ether bond (- O -), nezvimwewo zvinogonawo kuva mapoka epolar hydrophilic; Imwe magumo iboka re hydrophobic, rakapfupikiswa seboka reoleophilic, rinozivikanwawo se hydrophobic kana hydrophobic boka. Mapoka eHydrophobic anowanzo asiri-polar hydrocarbon cheni, senge hydrophobic alkyl cheni R - (alkyl), Ar - (aryl), nezvimwe.
Masurfactants akakamurwa kuita ionic surfactants (kusanganisira cationic uye anionic surfactants), asiri-ionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, composite surfactants, uye mamwe ma surfactants.

Mumushonga we surfactant, kana huwandu hwe surfactant hwasvika pane imwe kukosha, mamorekuru epamusoro anoumba misanganiswa yakarongedzerwa yakasiyana inonzi micelles. Micellization kana kuumbwa kwema micelles chinhu chakakosha chemhinduro dze surfactant, uye zvimwe zvakakosha zvemukati zviitiko zvine chekuita nekuumbwa kwe micelles. Kusangana uko ma surfactants anoumba micelles mumhinduro kunonzi Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC). Micelles haina kugadzika spherical shapes, asi pane yakanyanyisa kusarongeka uye ine simba inochinja maumbirwo. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, ma surfactants anogona kuratidza reverse micelle state.

 

Izvo zvinhu zvikuru zvinokanganisa iyo yakakosha micelle concentration

 

Chimiro che surfactants
Kuwedzera uye marudzi ekuwedzera
Kufurira kwekushisa

 

Kudyidzana pakati pe surfactants uye mapuroteni

 

Mapuroteni ane asiri-polar, polar, uye anochaja mapoka, uye akawanda amphiphilic mamorekuru anogona kudyidzana nemapuroteni nenzira dzakasiyana. Masurfactants anogona kugadzira mamorekuru akaodha musanganiswa ane akasiyana zvimiro pasi pemamiriro akasiyana, senge micelles, reverse micelles, nezvimwewo, uye kudyidzana kwavo nemapuroteni kwakasiyanawo. Pane kunyanya kupindirana kwe electrostatic uye hydrophobic pakati pemaprotein ne surfactants (PS), nepo kudyidzana pakati peionic surfactants uye mapuroteni kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekudyidzana kweelectrostatic kwemapoka epolar uye kupindirana kwehydrophobic yehydrophobic kabhoni haidrojeni cheni, iyo inosunga kune polar uye hydrophobic zvikamu zvemapuroteni, zvichiteerana mapuroteni akaomarara. Vasiri ionic surfactants vanonyanya kudyidzana nemapuroteni kuburikidza nemasimba ehydrophobic, uye kudyidzana pakati pengetani dzavo dzehydrophobic nemapoka ehydrophobic emapuroteni anogona kuve nekukanganisa maumbirwo uye basa rema surfactants nemapuroteni. Naizvozvo, mhando, kutarisisa, uye system nharaunda yeva surfactants inotarisisa kuti inodzikamisa kana kumisa mapuroteni, akaunganidza kana kuparadzira.

 

HLB kukosha kwesurfactant

 

Kuratidzira yakasarudzika yemukati chiitiko, ma surfactants anofanirwa kuchengetedza imwe chiyero pakati pe hydrophobic uye hydrophilic mapoka. HLB (Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance) ndiyo hydrophilic oleophilic balance value yeva surfactants, inova chiratidzo che hydrophilic uye hydrophobic zvimiro zveva surfactants.

Nhamba yeHLB inokosha (pakati pe0 ne40), yakadai separafini wax ine HLB value = 0 (hapana hydrophilic group), polyoxyethylene ine HLB inokosha ye20, uye SDS ine hydrophilicity yakasimba neHLB inokosha ye40. HLB inokosha inogona kushandiswa sechirevo chekusarudza surfactants. Iyo yakakwirira iyo HLB kukosha, zviri nani iyo hydrophilicity yeiyo surfactant; Iyo idiki kukosha kweHLB, ndiko kuderera kwe hydrophilicity yeanoita surfactant.
Basa guru re surfactants

 

Emulsification effect

Pamusana pekukwirira kwepamusoro kwemafuta emafuta mumvura, kana mafuta akadonhedzwa mumvura uye akazununguswa zvakasimba, mafuta anopwanyika kuita mabheji akanaka uye anosanganiswa kune mumwe nemumwe kuti aite emulsion, asi iyo inomisa inomira uye mitsara inoiswa zvakare. Kana surfactant yakawedzerwa uye yakamutswa zvakasimba, asi hazvisi nyore kuparadzanisa kwenguva yakareba mushure mokumira, iyi ndiyo emulsification. Chikonzero ndechekuti hydrophobicity yemafuta yakakomberedzwa nemapoka e-hydrophilic emumiririri anoshanda, achigadzira kukwezva kwekutungamira uye kuderedza basa rinodiwa pakupararira kwemafuta mumvura, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakanaka emulsification yemafuta.

 

Wetting effect

Panowanzova nedandemutande rewakisi, girizi, kana chiyero sechinhu chakanamirwa pamusoro pezvikamu, izvo zviri hydrophobic. Nekuda kwekusvibiswa kwezvinhu izvi, pamusoro pezvikamu hazvisi nyore kunyoroveswa nemvura. Kana ma surfactants awedzerwa kune aqueous solution, madonhwe emvura ari pazvikamu anoparadzirwa zviri nyore, achideredza zvakanyanya kusawirirana kwepamusoro pezvikamu uye kuzadzisa chinangwa chekunyorova.

 

Solubilization effect

Mushure mekuwedzera ma surfactants kune oiri zvinhu, ivo vanogona chete "kunyungudika", asi kupera uku kunogona kuitika chete kana kuwanda kweva surfactants kunosvika padanho rakakosha remacolloids, uye kunyungudika kunotsanangurwa nechinhu chinogadziriswa uye zvivakwa. Panyaya yesolubilization mhedzisiro, refu hydrophobic gene cheni yakasimba kupfuura maketani mapfupi, akazara cheni akasimba kupfuura unsaturated cheni, uye solubilization mhedzisiro yeasiri-ionic surfactants inowanzo kukosha.

 

Kuparadzira maitiro

Zvimedu zvakasimba zvakaita seguruva netsvina zvidimbu zvinowanzoungana pamwechete uye kugara mumvura zviri nyore. Mamorekuru e surfactants anogona kupatsanura iyo yakasimba particle aggregates kuita zvidimbu zvidiki, zvichivabvumira kuti vapararire uye vamire mumhinduro, zvichikurudzira kupararira kwakafanana kwezvikamu zvakasimba.

 

Foam chiito

Iko kuumbwa kwefuro kunonyanya kukonzerwa neinongedzo adsorption yeanoshanda mumiriri uye kudzikiswa kwekunetsana kwepasi pakati pegasi uye mvura nhanho. Kazhinji, low molecular active agent iri nyore kupupa furo, high molecular active agent ine furo shoma, myristate yellow ine yakakwirira furo pfuma, uye sodium stearate ine yakaipisisa furo pfuma. Anionic active agent ine furo iri nani uye kugadzikana kwefuro pane isiri-ionic inoshanda mumiriri, senge sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate ine furo yakasimba. Iyo inowanzoshandiswa foam stabilizers inosanganisira aliphatic alcohol amide, carboxymethyl cellulose, etc. foam inhibitors inosanganisira fatty acid, fatty acid ester, polyether, nezvimwewo uye mamwe asiri-ionic surfactants.

 

Classification of surfactants

 

Masurfactants anogona kukamurwa kuita anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, uye cationic surfactants zvichibva pamaitiro avo mamorekuru.

 

Anionic surfactant

Sulfonate
Zvizhinji zvinoshanda zverudzi urwu zvinosanganisira sodium linear alkylbenzenesulfonate uye sodium alpha olefin sulfonate. Sodium linear alkylbenzenesulfonate, inozivikanwawo seLAS kana ABS, ichena kana yakachenuruka yehupfu kana kuti flake yakasimba ine kunyungudika kwakanaka mumasisitimu akaomarara. Yakagadzikana kune alkali, dilute acid, uye mvura yakaoma. Inowanzo shandiswa mudhishi yekuwachisa (dhishi yekugezesa) uye yekugezesa yemvura yekugeza, haiwanzo shandiswa mu shampoo uye haiwanzo kushandiswa mugeri yekugeza. Mumugetsi wekugezesa ndiro, dosage yaro inogona kuverengera hafu yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwema surfactants, uye iyo chaiyo yekugadziridza huwandu hwechikamu chayo mune yemvura yekugezesa detergent yakafaranuka. Iyo yakajairwa mukomboni system inoshandiswa mukugeza dishwashing detergent ndiyo ternary system "LAS (linear alkylbenzenesulfonate sodium) - AES (doro ether sulfate sodium) - FFA (alkyl alcohol amide)". Mabhenefiti akatanhamara e sodium linear alkylbenzenesulfonate kugadzikana kwakanaka, simba rekuchenesa rakasimba, kushomeka kukuvadza kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kugona kuvandudzwa kuita zvinhu zvisingakuvadze nemutengo wakaderera. Chinhu chakanyanya kuipa ndechekuti inokurudzira zvakanyanya. Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate, inozivikanwawo seAOS, inonyungudika zvakanyanya mumvura uye ine kugadzikana kwakanaka pamusoro pehuwandu hwepH tsika. Pakati pe sulfonic acid munyu mhando, kuita kuri nani. Mabhenefiti akatanhamara kugadzikana kwakanaka, kunaka kunyungudika kwemvura, kuenderana kwakanaka, kushomeka kushatirwa, uye kwakaringana kushatisa hutachiona. Ndiyo imwe yeakanyanya surfactants anowanzoshandiswa mu shampoo uye gel yekugeza. Kukanganisa kwayo ndeyekuti inodhura.

 

Sulfate
Zvinowanzoshanda zvinoshandiswa zverudzi urwu zvinosanganisira sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate uye sodium dodecyl sulfate.

Sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, inozivikanwawo seAES kana sodium doro ether sulfate.

Zvirinyore kunyungudika mumvura, inogona kushandiswa mu shampoo, gel yekugeza, dishwashing liquid detergent (dhishi yekuwachisa), uye yekuwachira mvura yekugezesa. Kunyungudika kwemvura kuri nani pane sodium dodecyl sulfate, uye inogona kugadzirirwa mune chero chikamu cheyakajeka aqueous mhinduro pakamuri tembiricha. Kushandiswa kwesodium alkylbenzenesulfonate muzvinosuka mvura yakawandisa uye ine kuwirirana kuri nani pane iyo yetani yakatwasuka alkylbenzenesulfonate; Inogona kuomeswa neakawanda ma surfactants mumabhinari kana akawanda mafomu kuti agadzire akajeka aqueous mhinduro. Mabhenefiti akatanhamara ndeye kushatirwa kwakaderera, kunaka kunyungudika kwemvura, kuenderana kwakanaka, uye kuita kwakanaka mukudzivirira kuoma kweganda, kuputika, uye roughness. Izvo zvisingabatsiri ndezvekuti kugadzikana mu acidic media kune zvishoma zvishoma, uye simba rekuchenesa rakaderera kune sodium linear alkylbenzenesulfonate uye sodium dodecyl sulfate.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate, inozivikanwawo seAS, K12, sodium cocoyl sulfate, uye sodium lauryl sulfate foaming agent, haina hanya kune alkali uye mvura yakaoma. Kugadzikana kwayo pasi pemamiriro eacidic kwakaderera kune iyo yeanowanzo sulfates uye pedyo neiyo yemafuta edoro polyoxyethylene ether sulfate. Inoparara nyore nyore uye ine zvishoma kukuvadza kwezvakatipoteredza. Kana yakashandiswa mukuchenesa mvura, iyo acidity haifaniri kunge yakanyanya kukwirira; Kushandiswa kwe ethanolamine kana ammonium munyu mu shampoo uye kushambidza muviri hakugoni kungowedzera kugadzikana kweasidhi, asiwo kubatsira kuderedza kutsamwa. Kunze kwekugona kwayo kubuda furo uye simba rakasimba rekuchenesa, kuita kwayo mune zvimwe zvinhu hakuna kunaka senge sodium doro ether sulfate. Mutengo wezvakajairwa anionic surfactants kazhinji wakakwira.

 

Cationic surfactant

Kuenzaniswa nemhando dzakasiyana dzema surfactants, cationic surfactants ine yakanyanya kujeka gadziriso mhedzisiro uye yakasimba bactericidal mhedzisiro, kunyangwe iine zvayakaipira senge simba rekuchenesa rakashata, kusagona kupupa furo, kusawirirana, kushatirwa kwakanyanya, uye mutengo wepamusoro. MaCationic surfactants haaenderani zvakananga neanionic surfactants uye anogona kungoshandiswa seanogadzirisa kana fungicides. MaCationic surfactants anowanzo shandiswa seanobatsira surfactants mune mvura yekugezesa (sechinhu chidiki chekumisikidza mukugadzira) kune zvigadzirwa zvegiredhi repamusoro, kunyanya shampoo. Sechikamu chekugadzirisa agent, haigone kutsiviwa nemamwe marudzi evagadziri mune yakakwirira-yekupedzisira mvura yekuchenesa shampoo.

Mhando dzakajairika dze cationic surfactants dzinosanganisira hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (1631), octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (1831), cationic guar gum (C-14 S), cationic panthenol, cationic silicone mafuta, dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide (OB-2), nezvimwewo.

 

Zwitterionic surfactant

Bipolar surfactants inoreva ma surfactants ane ese anionic uye cationic hydrophilic mapoka. Naizvozvo, aya ma surfactants anoratidza cationic zvivakwa mune acidic mhinduro, anionic zvivakwa mune alkaline mhinduro, uye isiri-ionic zvimiro mune kwazvakarerekera mhinduro. Bipolar surfactants inonyungudika zviri nyore mumvura, yakanyungudutswa asidhi uye alkali mhinduro, uye kunyangwe muminyungurudzo dzakasimba dzemunyu. Vane kumira zvakanaka kumvura yakaoma, kushatirwa kweganda rakadzika, kupfava kwejira rakanaka, yakanaka anti-static properties, yakanaka bactericidal effect, uye kuenderana kwakanaka neakawanda surfactants. Mhando dzakakosha dzeamphoteric surfactants dzinosanganisira dodecyl dimethyl betaine uye carboxylate imidazoline.

 

Non-ionic surfactant

Non ionic surfactants vane zvinhu zvakanaka zvakadai solubilization, washing, anti-static, low irritation, uye calcium soap dispersion; Iyo inoshanda pH renji yakapamhama kupfuura yeyakajairika ionic surfactants; Kunze kwekusvibisa uye kupupa zvivakwa, zvimwe zvivakwa zvinowanzo kurira kune general anionic surfactants. Kuwedzera huwandu hushoma hweisina-ionic surfactant kune ionic surfactant inogona kuwedzera basa repamusoro rehurongwa (kuenzaniswa pakati pezvakafanana zvinoshanda zvemukati). Mhando huru dzinosanganisira alkyl alcohol amides (FFA), fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers (AE), uye alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers (APE kana OP).

Alkyl alcohol amides (FFA) ikirasi yevasiri-ionic surfactants vane mashandiro epamusoro, maapplication akafara, uye kuwanda kwekushandisa, kunowanzoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzekuchenesa mvura. Mumvura yekugezesa, inowanzoshandiswa pamwe chete neamides, ine chiyero che "2: 1" uye "1.5: 1" (alkyl alcohol amide: amide). Alkyl alcohol amides inogona kushandiswa mune kazhinji zvishoma acidic uye alkaline detergents, uye ndiyo yakachipa yakasiyana-siyana yenonionic surfactants.

 

Kushandiswa kwema surfactants

Nekuvandudzwa kwesainzi uye tekinoroji, kunyanya kufambira mberi kweindasitiri yemakemikari uye kupinda kwemaitiro ane hukama, basa uye mashandisirwo evanoshandisa surfactants zvave kuwedzera kupararira uye zvakadzama. Kubva kumigodhi yemaminerari uye kuvandudzwa kwesimba, kusvika kune mhedzisiro yemasero uye ma enzymes, matani evanoita surfactants anogona kuwanikwa. Mazuva ano, kushandiswa kwemasurfactants hakungogumiri kune detergent yekuchenesa maajenti, mazino ekuchenesa mazino, cosmetic emulsifiers uye mamwe mazuva ese maindasitiri emakemikari, asi kwapararira kune mamwe minda yekugadzira senge petrochemicals, kusimudzira simba, uye indasitiri yemishonga.

 

Kubvisa mafuta
Mukubvisa oiri, kushandiswa kwemvura yakanyungudutswa mhinduro dzema surfactants kana yakaomeswa yakasanganiswa mhinduro yemafuta uye mvura inogona kuwedzera mafuta asina kuchena kudzoreredza ne15% kusvika 20%. Nekuda kwekugona kwema surfactants kuderedza mhinduro viscosity, anoshandiswa panguva yekuchera kudzikisa crude oil viscosity uye kuderedza kana kudzivirira tsaona dzekuchera. Inogonawo kugadzira matsime ekare asingachapfapfaize mafuta re spray.

Kuvandudzwa kwesimba
Masurfactants anogonawo kubatsira mukusimudzira simba. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aripo iye zvino ekukwira kwemitengo yemafuta pasi rose uye kunobva mafuta akasimba, kugadzirwa kwemafuta emafuta akasanganiswa emafuta ane kukosha kukuru. Kuwedzera ma surfactants pakuita kunogona kuburitsa rudzi rutsva rwemafuta ane kuyerera kwakanyanya, anogona kutsiva peturu sesimba sosi. Kuwedzera emulsifiers kune peturu, dhiziri, uye mafuta anorema kwete chete kuchengetedza masosi eoiri, asi zvakare inovandudza kupisa kwekupisa uye kuderedza kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Naizvozvo, ma surfactants ane kukosha kwakadzama pakuvandudzwa kwesimba.

Textile industry
Kushandiswa kwemasurfactants muindasitiri yemachira kune nhoroondo refu. Synthetic fibers ine zvimhingamupinyi zvakaita sekukasharara, kusakwana fluffiness, kubatwa ne electrostatic adsorption yeguruva, uye kushata kunwa hunyoro uye kunzwa kweruoko zvichienzaniswa neakasikwa fiber. Kana ikarapwa neanyanzvi ekugadzira zvinhu, zvirema izvi mumafibhi ekugadzira zvinogona kuvandudzwa zvikuru. Masurfactants anoshandiswawo seanopfavisa, antistatic agents, weti uye anopinda mukati, uye emulsifiers muindasitiri yekudhinda machira nekudhaya. Kushandiswa kwemasurfactants muindasitiri yekudhinda machira nekudhaya kwakakura kwazvo.

Kuchenesa kwesimbi
Panyaya yekuchenesa simbi, zvinonyungudutsa zvechinyakare zvinosanganisira organic solvents senge peturu, parafini, uye kabhoni tetrachloride. Zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwakakodzera, huwandu hwepeturu hunoshandiswa kuchenesa simbi muChina hwakakwira se500000 matani pagore. Mvura yakavakirwa simbi yekuchenesa maajenti akagadzirwa nema surfactants anogona kuchengetedza simba. Zvinoenderana nekuverenga, tani imwe yesimbi yekuchenesa simbi inogona kutsiva matani makumi maviri epeturu, uye tani imwe yepetroleum mbishi inogona kushandiswa kugadzira matani mana esimbi yekuchenesa agent, zvichiratidza kuti ma surfactants ane kukosha kwakadzama mukuchengetedza simba. Metal yekuchenesa maajenti ane ekunze ma surfactants zvakare ane hunhu hwekusave nehuturu, kusabatika moto, kusasvibisa nharaunda, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwevashandi. Iyi mhando yesimbi yekuchenesa simbi yakashandiswa zvakanyanya kuchenesa mhando dzakasiyana dzesimbi senge injini dzemuchadenga, ndege, mabhengi, nezvimwe.

Indasitiri yezvokudya
Muindasitiri yechikafu, ma surfactants ane multifunctional additives anoshandiswa mukugadzira chikafu. Chikafu chekudya chine yakanakisa emulsifying, kunyorova, anti sticking, kuchengetedza, uye flocculation mhedzisiro. Nekuda kweiyo yakakosha yekuwedzera maitiro, inogona kuita makeke crispy, furo chikafu chine furo, chingwa chakapfava, uye zvakaenzana kuparadzira uye emulsify zvigadzirwa zvakaita seartificial butter, mayonnaise, uye ice cream, iyo ine yakasarudzika mhedzisiro pakuvandudza maitiro ekugadzira uye yemukati mhando yezvigadzirwa.

Mishonga yezvipembenene yekurima imulsion zvinwiwa izvo, nekuda kwekutsikirira kwepamusoro kwemvura, zvine dhizaini yekunetsa kuparadzira kana yamwaya pamashizha emiti. Kana surfactant yakawedzerwa kumushonga wepesticide, iyo surfactant inogona kuderedza kusimba kwepamusoro pemvura, ndiko kuti, lotion inorasikirwa nebasa rayo repamusoro, uye pesticide lotion ichapararira zviri nyore pamusoro pemashizha, saka mhedzisiro yayo yezvipembenene ichava nani.